1. Female Reproduction Anatomy/Physiology Nick Nelson Blue Mt. CC Animal Science Instructor ANS 217

2. Female Anatomy

3. Reproduction Anatomy Functions Vulva: –Protection from dirt/manure –Indicator of Estrus or Parturition Vagina: –Tough striated muscle –Site of natural insemination for bull –Folds causing major obstruction for Semen Os: –Opening to the cervix –Dilates during Parturition

4. Reproduction Anatomy Functions Cervix: –Major obstacle for sperm cells –Rough rings –Holds the fetus in uterus; in pigs a gelatin plug prevents other males from breeding Uterus: –Site of Artificial Insemination deposition –Area where the fetus grows and develops –Very soft and easy to tear Uterine Horns: –Part of the uterine body –Fetus will spend some time developing in one of the horns

5. Reproduction Anatomy Functions Oviduct (Fallopian Tube): –Site of Fertilization- Released egg meets eligible sperm cell Ovary: –Produces the Eggs –Right ovary produces slightly more than left –2 Follicular Stages Graffian Follicle- New follicle, full of hormones ready to produce eggs Corpus Luteum Follicle- Yellow Body; eggs have ruptured, produces Progesterone and maintains the pregnancy

6. Estrous Cycle/Follicle Development 1 FSH 2 Estrogen 3 LH 4 Progesterone Standing Heat

7. Ovary During Estrous Cycle Graffian Follicle Old CL Ovulation Pgf2 α lyses CL

8. Female Hormones Estrogen (E 2 ): –Produced by the Follicle –Tells the cow she is in heat (Estrus) –Prompts the Uterus to contract to help sperm travel –Causes glands to produce mucus and increase blood flow Progesterone (P 4 ): –Produced by the ovary and Corpus Luteum –Maintains pregnancy Prostaglandin (Pgf 2 α): –Produced by the pituitary –Lyses the CL and stops progesterone; occurs about day 16 if cow is not bred –Common synchronization hormone

9. Female Hormones Gonadatrophin Releasing Hormone (GnRH) –Tells ovary to start a new follicle Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH): –Produced by the pituitary –Starts the growth of the new egg Luteinizing Hormone (LH): –Produced by the pituitary –Causes the follicle to undergo changes which lead to egg release

10. Process of A.I. Reach into rectum with gloved hand Sweep down below the pelvic rim to find cervix Cervix feels like a chicken neck Lift and stretch out the Repro tract

11. Process of A.I. Insert the pipette at a 45 о upward angle to miss the bladder Push the pipette forward to the cervix opening (Os) Squeeze the cervix to funnel the pipette into cervix

12. Process of A.I. Be aggressive with your gloved hand in working the cervix over the pipette Place thumb of gloved hand over the back of the cervix to stop the pipette from going to far into the uterus which will cause lacerations

13. Process of A.I. Slowly depress plunger on the pipette to deposit semen Slowly retract pipette from the cow

14. Researching Semen Find 5 different bulls’ semen available you think would be the best to buy Record the following: –Name of the bull and breed –Location (where is the bull) –Price –Characteristics of the bull –Other important information –List the websites (must use at least two)!