1. Segmented Worms Earthworm
Phylum Annelida
Segmented Worms
Earthworm

2. Pinworm (a roundworm) Common human intestinal parasite
Eggs transmitted through contaminated food, hands, or commonly, water
Symptom – itching in anal area
A nuisance rather than serious disease
No association with socioeconomic level, race or culture
Treatment – drugs kill the adult pinworm - and not the egg so treatment for 2 weeks
Prevention – dependent on personal hygiene and cleanliness of the living quarters

3. Pinworm

4. Ascaris Parasitic nematode (Roundworm)
Affects humans in sub-tropical areas with poor sanitation
Symptoms – cough, low-grade fever, vomiting worms, worms in stool, gallstones, pancreatis
Prevention – proper disposal of feces and proper washing of food
Treatment – drugs target the cells of the worm

5. Ascaris

6. Hookworm
Parasitic nematode (roundworm) lives in small intestine of host (mammals – dogs, cats, humans)
Much smaller than Ascaris
Leading cause of death in developing countries of tropics and subtropics
In children cause cognitive and growth retardation, prematurity, and low birth weight

7. Hookworm No symptoms or signs Intestinal inflammation
Larval invasion of the skin could cause itching
Coughing, chest pain, wheezing, fever
Nausea, vomiting, constipation, diarrhea in later stages

8. Hookworm Larvae survive in damp dirt (sandy soil)
Cannot survive in clay or muck
Do not defecate in places other than toilets
Keep raw sewage away from agriculture
Do not walk barefoot in infected areas
Deworm pet dogs

9. Hookworm

10. Trichinella Parasitic nematode (roundworm)
Can infect humans, swine, horses, wild animals
Swine – get it from feeding them waste products contaminated, exposure to rodents, cannibalism within an infected herd
In humans, larvae invade muscle tissue
Fever, muscle pain

11. Trichinella

12. Characteristics of Annelids
Earthworms are the most highly developed worms.
They are divided into segments or parts.
They are found in salt and fresh water as well as in the soil.

13. Characteristics of Annelids
Earthworms are helpful to man as bait for fishing and more importantly, because they loosen the soil for roots to grow.
There are 2700 species of earthworms. 
An earthworm is generally earthtones such as brown, tan, etc. It can be up to eight feet in length!

14. Body Cavity
Coelomate

15. Muscular-Skeletal
A earthworm does not have a skeleton. It has bristles on each segment called setae that help the earthworm move.
Rear Anchor→ Elongation → Front Anchor→ Pull

16. Muscular-Skeletal
The earthworm has two sets of muscles; one that makes it long and thin and one that makes it shorter and fatter.

17. Digestion
A earthworm has a digestive system. It eats dirt, digesting the plant and animal matter in the dirt and then eliminates the rest.
a pharynx for the food to go down,
a crop to store the food in,
a gizzard that grinds the food down,
intestines for the food to pass through and take out nutrients
an anus for the food to come out.

18. Digestion (cont.)

19. Virtual Worm – Digestion
worm systems

20. Nervous System A earthworm has a nervous system with a simple
brain and
ventral nerve
cord.

21. Circulation
A earthworm has blood and blood vessels with multiple (5) hearts.

22. Respiration
A earthworm has no respiratory organ. It takes in oxygen directly through its skin and gives off carbon dioxide. Its skin is always moist.

23. Reproduction
A earthworm has both sperm and eggs within its body and reproduces sexually. However, the eggs must be fertilized by the sperm of another worm.

24. Reproduction (cont.)
Earthworms are hermaphrodites with complex male and female reproductive organs present in each individual, but they cross fertilize. 
Two earthworms mate by attaching at their clitella and exchanging sperm, and then they separate. 

25. Reproduction (cont.)
The received sperm are temporarily stored in sperm receptacles while the clitellum secretes a mucous cocoon. 
The cocoon slides along the worm, picking up the eggs which are produced in ovaries and then the stored sperm from special reproductive pores and then slips off the worm's head.
The embryos develop within the cocoon.

26. Mating of 2 Earthworms

27. Reproduction

28. Excretion
A earthworm's wastes help to fertilize the soil. It gets rid of its wastes through tubes called nephridia that lead to pores that allow the wastes out.

29. Symmetry
A earthworm has bilateral symmetry.

30. Did you know that Earthworms are a gardeners bestfriend?
Helpful Earthworms!
Did you know that Earthworms are a gardeners bestfriend?
Earthworms…
Break up/aerate soil
Helps roots be able to penetrate soil
Helps water flow in soil
Worm feces contain bacteria that help return N to soil

31. Parasitic Annelids????
Yep…you guessed it…
LEECHES!

32. Fun with Leeches! Leech Facts: There are 650 known species of leeches.
The largest leech discovered measured 18 inches.
The leech has 32 brains - 31 more than a human.
Not all leeches are bloodsuckers. Many are predators which eat earthworms, etc.
The bite of a leech is painless, due to its own anaesthetic.
The Hirudo leech injects an anti-coagulant serum into the victim to prevent the blood clotting.
The leech will gorge itself until it has had its fill and then just fall off.
The leech will gorge itself up to five times its body weight.
The first leech was used in medicine about 1000 B.C., probably in ancient India.
In the past, people would stand in the lakes and pools dotted around the country and when the leeches attached to their legs they would put them in baskets and sell them. Today the Hirudo leech is an endangered species.
The nervous system of the leech is very similar to the human nervous system and is of enormous benefit to researchers in their quest for the answers to human problems.
The nearest relatives of leeches are earthworms.
Leeches can bite through a hippo's hide!