1. STDs and HIV Among Youth in Nevada
Nevada State Health Division
Office of Epidemiology
Julia Peek, MHA
Office of Epidemiology Manager
Sandi Noffsinger, MPH
HIV/STD Surveillance and Control Coordinator

2. Office of Epidemiology STD and HIV Surveillance

3. Reportable Diseases/Conditions in Nevada
Reportable diseases are outlined in Nevada Administrative Code 441 A
Reportable diseases are reported to the Office of Epidemiology at each jurisdiction
Epidemiology is the study of the distribution and determinants health-related states or events in specified populations, and the application of this study to the control of health problems.
See Nevada Reportable Diseases and Conditions for a listing of reportable conditions (health.nv.gov)

4. STD/HIV Epidemiology HIV/AIDS Surveillance STD Prevention and Control
Monitor HIV/AIDS in the state for prevention and care efforts
Provide case investigation and partner services
STD Prevention and Control
Monitor cases of chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis in the state
Direct statewide prevention and laboratory services

5. Epi Traceback and Analysis

6. STDs Among Youth (15-24 Years Old)
It is very common for women to have no symptoms with STDs, mostly in the early stages of illness. This can result in not getting treatment until the illness is severe, when symptoms do become present. Some STDs can also be passed to a baby during pregnancy or birth. Biological factors place women at greater risk than men for the severe health consequences of STDs. The two most commonly reported infectious diseases in America- Chlamydia and gonorrhea- pose serious health problems like infertility (not being able to get pregnant). These are some reasons why it is so important for women to learn about STDs - the ways they are spread, their symptoms, how they can be treated, and how they can be prevented Women, especially young and minority women are disproportionately affected by Chlamydia.

7. Chlamydia Rates per 100,000 Among Youth (15-24 years old), in Nevada:2009
Rates of STDs among youth, 15 to 24 years of age, are among the highest both in Nevada and Nationally. In 2009, rates of chlamydia (CT) and gonorrhea (GC) were below the national rates* for youth 15 to 24 years of age. However, the burden of disease among this age group is alarming. In Nevada in 2009, there were an estimated 6,661 cases of CT, 66% of total cases, reported and 1,009 cases of GC, 59% of total cases, among youth 15 to 24 years of age. Rates of cases for CT in this age group are primarily driven by females while a greater burden of the GC morbidity is among males. In Nevada in 2009, the rates of CT among females 15 to 24 years of age (3, cases per 100,000 population) were are almost four times (3.68 times) that of males (872.32/100,000). However, the rates of GC among male youth (434 per 100,000) were more than double that of females (100/100,000).

8. Chlamydia Rates per 100,000 Among Youth (15-24 years old) in Nevada: 2005-2009
Overall the number of reported CT cases in Nevada has increased 35% during the past five years ( ). Males have experienced a 44% increase in number of CT cases while females have a 32% increase from 2005 to 2009.

9. Gonorrhea Rates per 100,000 Among Youth (15-24 years old) in Nevada: 2005-2009

10. Chlamydia Rates per 100,000 Among Males and Females in Nevada, by Age:2009
It is very common for women to have no symptoms with STDs, mostly in the early stages of illness. This can result in not getting treatment until the illness is severe, when symptoms do become present. Some STDs can also be passed to a baby during pregnancy or birth. Biological factors place women at greater risk than men for the severe health consequences of STDs. The two most commonly reported infectious diseases in America- Chlamydia and gonorrhea- pose serious health problems like infertility (not being able to get pregnant). These are some reasons why it is so important for women to learn about STDs - the ways they are spread, their symptoms, how they can be treated, and how they can be prevented Women, especially young and minority women are disproportionately affected by Chlamydia.

11. Gonorrhea Rates per 100,000 Among Males and Females in Nevada, by Age:2009

12. Chlamydia Rates per 100,000 Among Youth (15-24) in Nevada, by Race/Ethnicity:2009
Ratio of rate of cases.
Females:
1:5 - White to Black
1:3.8- Hispanic to Black
Males:
1:9- White to Black
1:5.9- Hispanic to Black
*AI/AN= American Indian/Alaskan Native; API= Asian/Pacific Islander

13. Gonorrhea Rates per 100,000 Among Youth (15-24) in Nevada, by Race/Ethnicity:2009
Ratio of rate of cases.
Females:
1:18 - White to Black
1: Hispanic to Black
Males:
1:25.0- White to Black
1:28.5- Hispanic to Black
*AI/AN= American Indian/Alaskan Native; API= Asian/Pacific Islander

14. Summary of STDs Among Youth
Youth years old are disproportionately affected by chlamydia and gonorrhea in Nevada especially women and minorities.
Chlamydia rates among Black females are eight times that of Hispanics and five times that of Whites.
Nevada is experiencing increasing trends of Chlamydia among males and females.
Black males have the highest rates of reported gonorrhea cases among youth in Nevada.

15. HIV/AIDS Among Youth (15-24 Years Old)
Young people in the United States are at persistent risk for HIV infection. This risk is especially notable for youth of minority races and ethnicities. Continual HIV prevention outreach and education efforts, including programs on abstinence and on delaying the initiation of sex, are required as new generations replace the generations that benefited from earlier prevention strategies.

16. Rate per 100,000 of HIV/AIDS Cases Among Youth (15-24 years old) in Nevada: 2005-2009
The rate of new infections over the past five years has increased from a rate of 13.8 cases per 100,000 population to 17.5 cases per 100,000 population. Although we are seeing a slight increase among females since 2005, the increase is primarily driven by males.

17. Rates per 100,000 of New HIV Infection Among Youth (15-24)in Nevada, by Sex: 2005-2009
The rate of new infections over the past five years has increased from a rate of 13.8 cases per 100,000 population to 17.5 cases per 100,000 population. Although we are seeing a slight increase among females since 2005, the increase is primarily driven by males.

18. Rates per 100,000 of Youth (15-24) Living with HIV/AIDS in Nevada, by Sex: 2005-2009

19. Rates per 100,000 of New HIV Infections Among Youth (15-24) in Nevada, by Race/Ethnicity:2009
*AI/AN= American Indian/Alaskan Native; API= Asian/Pacific Islander

20. Risk of HIV Transmission among Youth (15-24) in Nevada, by Sex: 2009
Males
Females

21. Summary of HIV/AIDS Among Youth in Nevada
Rates of youth living with HIV/AIDS and new HIV infections among youth are increasing in Nevada.
Among youth, the burden of the epidemic is among males.
Rates of new HIV infections disproportionately affected Blacks for both males and females.
MSM is the primary risk of new HIV infections for males and heterosexual contact for females.

22. Teen Pregnancy and Birth Rates Among Youth

23. Preliminary Report: Teen Pregnancy Rates In Nevada by Year of Birth and Mothers Age Group: *
* Note: The counts and rates for 2008 are not final and are subject to changes.

24. Number of Teen Pregnancies In Nevada by year of Birth and Mothers Age Group: 2004-2008*
* Note: The counts and rates for 2008 are not final and are subject to changes.

25. Preliminary Report: Number of Teen Birth Rates In Nevada by Year of Birth and Mothers Age Group: *
* Note: The counts and rates for 2008 are not final and are subject to changes.

26. Number of Teen Births In Nevada by year of Birth and Mothers Age Group: 2004-2008*
* Note: The counts and rates for 2008 are not final and are subject to changes.

27. Summary of Teen Pregnancy and Birth Rates

28. Thank You!
Additional data reports can be found on the Nevada State Health Division’s website: Julia Peek, MHA Office of Epidemiology Manager Sandi Noffsinger, MPH HIV/STD Surveillance and Control Coordinator x 261