2. Regents Biology 2006-2007 Nucleic acids: Information molecules

3. Regents Biology Nucleic Acids Examples  DNA  DeoxyriboNucleic Acid  RNA  RiboNucleic Acid RNA

4. Regents Biology DNA Nucleic Acids  Function:  genetic material  stores information  genes  blueprint for building proteins DNA  RNA  proteins  transfers information  blueprint for new cells  blueprint for next generation proteins

5. Regents Biology A A A A T C G C G T G C T Genes (DNA) are needed to run bodies every day … to make you and me … to make new cells … to make babies!

6. Regents Biology Nucleic acids  Building block = nucleotides  5 different nucleotides  different nitrogen bases  A, T, C, G, U nucleotide – nucleotide – nucleotide – nucleotide phosphate sugar N base Nitrogen bases I’m the A,T,C,G or U part!

7. Regents Biology Nucleotide chains  Nucleic acids  nucleotides chained into a polymer  DNA  double-sided  double helix  A, C, G, T  RNA  single-sided  A, C, G, U phosphate sugar N base phosphate sugar N base phosphate sugar N base phosphate sugar N base strong bonds RNA

8. Regents Biology DNA  Double strand twists into a double helix  weak bonds between nitrogen bases join the 2 strands  A pairs with T  A :: T  C pairs with G  C :: G  the two strands can separate when our cells need to make copies of it weak bonds

9. Regents Biology Copying DNA  Replication  copy DNA  2 strands of DNA helix are complementary  they are matching  have one, can build other  have one, can rebuild the whole

10. Regents Biology  Copying DNA  pairing of the bases allows each strand to serve as a pattern for a new strand Newly copied strands of DNA DNA replication

11. Regents Biology Watson and Crick … and others… 1953 | 1962

12. Regents Biology HELIXHELIX Let’s build some DNA!