1. Cells & Cell Organelles
Doing Life’s Work

2. animal cells plant cells
bacteria cells
Types of cells
Prokaryote
______________
Eukaryotes
______________
animal cells
plant cells

3. Why study cells? Cells  Tissues  Organs  Bodies
_____________________________

4. The Work of Life
What jobs do cells have to do for an organism to live…
“breathe”
_______________________________
____________________________
take in & digest food
ATP
proteins, carbohydrates, fats, nucleic acids
growth, repair, reproduction & development
ATP

5. Our organelles do all these jobs!
The Jobs of Cells
Cells have 3 main jobs
____________________
need energy for all activities
need to clean up waste produced while making energy
proteins do all the work in a cell, so we need lots of them
for growth
to replace damaged or diseased cells
Our organelles do all these jobs!

6. They’re like mini-organs!
Organelles
Organelles do the work of cells
each structure has a job to do
keeps the cell alive; keeps you alive
They’re like mini-organs!
Model Animal Cell

7. 1. Cells need power! Making energy
to fuel daily life & growth, the cell must…
take in food & digest it
take in oxygen (O2)
make ATP
remove waste
organelles that do this work…
______________________
ATP

8. Cell membrane Function Structure _______________________________
phosphate “head”
Cell membrane
Function
_______________________________
O2,CO2, food, H2O, nutrients, waste
allows communication between cells
Structure
double layer of fat
______________________
lipid “tail”

9. Vacuoles & vesicles Function Structure membrane sac
________________________________
________________
Structure
membrane sac
small food particle
vacuole filled w/ digestive enzymes
vesicle
vesicle filled w/ digested nutrients

10. Food & water storage plant cells animal cells food vacuole
central vacuole
animal cells
contractile vacuole

11. Lysosomes Function ________________ Structure
used to make energy
digest broken organelles
Structure
membrane sac of digestive enzymes
Lysosomes
digesting broken organelles
vacuole
small food particle
digesting food

12. ATP Mitochondria Function Structure in both animal & plant cells
____________________________________
sugar + O2  ATP
fuels the work of life
Structure
double membrane
ATP
in both animal & plant cells

13. Plants make energy two ways!
________________________
make energy from sugar
______________________
sugar  ATP
make energy + sugar from sunlight
sunlight + CO2  ATP & sugar
ATP = active energy
sugar = stored energy
build leaves & roots & fruit out of sugars
ATP
sugar
ATP
ATP

14. Mitochondria are in both cells!!
animal cells
plant cells
mitochondria
chloroplast

15. 2. Cells need workers = proteins!
Making proteins
to run daily life & growth, the cell must…
read genes (DNA)
build proteins
structural proteins (muscle fibers)
enzymes (speed up chemical reactions)
signals (hormones) & receptors
organelles that do this work…
__________________________

16. Proteins do all the work!
one of the major job of cells is to make proteins,
because…
proteins do all the work!
structural
enzymes
signals
receptors
DNA
proteins
cells

17. Nucleus Function Structure control center of cell protects DNA
instructions for building proteins
Structure
__________________________
ribosome factory
DNA

18. Ribosomes Function Structure __________________________
read instructions to build proteins from DNA
Structure
some free in cytoplasm
some attached to ER
Ribosomes on ER
The genes for rRNA have the greatest commonality among all living things. There is very little difference in the DNA sequence of the rRNA genes in a humans vs. a bacteria.
Means that this function (building of a ribosome) is so integral to life that every cell does it almost exactly the same way.
Change a base and this changes the structure of the RNA whch causes it to not function.

19. Endoplasmic Reticulum
Function
__________________
helps complete the proteins after ribosome builds them
Structure
ribosomes attached
works on proteins
makes membranes

20. Golgi Apparatus Function Structure
____________________________________
like UPS headquarters
shipping & receiving department
“UPS trucks”
Structure
membrane sacs
vesicles
carrying proteins
transport vesicles

21. _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________
protein on its way!
_______
TO:
_______
_____________
TO:
TO:
vesicle
_____________
TO:
finished protein
_____________
_____________ _____________
Making Proteins

22. Cells need to make more cells!
Making more cells
to repair & reproduce, the cell must…
copy their DNA
make extra organelles
divide the new DNA & new organelles between 2 new “daughter” cells
organelles that do this work…
____________________

23. Centrioles Function Structure __________________________
one pair in each cell

24. Our organelles do all those jobs!
Cell Summary
Cells have 3 main jobs
___________________
need food + O2
cellular respiration & photosynthesis
need to remove wastes
need instructions from DNA
need to chain together amino acids & “finish” & “ship” the protein
need to copy DNA & divide it up to daughter cells
Our organelles do all those jobs!