1. Paragraph 1.20

2. The Dutch had: No ruler, no regent And they were losing the war against Spain. Spain send a new regent for the Spanish Netherlands: Duke of Parma He had a strong army that was regularly paid. They were going to beat the Northern provinces

4. This group was the leader of the north. They did 2 things: No peace with Spain Henry the 3 rd, king of France was asked to be their king. He refused. So they asked Elizabeth 1 st. First said no, but then: send troops, money and a military leader: Earl of Leicester

5. Wasn’t really a good leader. His army was badly led, poorly paid and undisciplined. Spain was still winning. Province Holland was angry because of this. Their leader, Advocate Johan van Oldenbarnevelt was against Leicester. Leicester became scared and went back to England

7. With Leicester gone, there was no ruler. The provinces decided to become a republic. The United provinces No more king, not even a foreign one!! Each province had their own States, and one national States General.

9. 2 leaders: Maurice of Nassau (Son of William of Orange) Johan van Oldenbarnevelt. Maurice was Stadtholder, so in charge of the army. He changed the army, and made it stronger:

10. Regular pay Regular supplies and equipment Regular training Strategy that was carefully planned. Much discipline.

11. Maurice was winning land from Spain. By now Parma was fighting France as well. The soldiers in the Netherlands were badly paid and were starving. Archduke Albert became governor-general for the Spanish Netherlands. He fought against the Northern United Provinces.

13. Both sides had trouble to pay the war. People on both sides were close to revolt over high taxes. They couldn’t agree on peace, So in 1609 they singed a 12 year truce.

14. Spanish Netherlands: name given to the provinces that always stayed part of Spain. (now Belgium) Advocate: chairman of a states, later Grand Pensionary Republic: a country ruled by a chosen person or group. Stadtholder: governor for 1 province, later the leader of the States General. Truce: an agreement to stop fighting for some time.