1. The Renaissance in Italy

2. Setting the Stage: BRING ON THE CHANGE: Middle Ages failed the people:
Wars ravaged nations
Plague was disastrous and killed many
The Church was questioned
In N Italy—writers and artists expressed the topics in paintings and stories with new style

3. The Renaissance Meaning: Started in Northern Italy
Rebirth
“revival of art and learning”
Started in Northern Italy
Thriving cities
Wealthy merchant class
Classical heritage (Greece and Rome)
Strived to revive the culture of classical Greece and Rome, but instead created new culture

4. Medici Bank and Family 1397-1494
the most respected bank of its time during its prime
Was based in Florence, then spread to parts of Italy and Europe
Because of wealth, became politically powerful in Florence, then throughout Europe (in different forms)
Ex: two queen regents of France

5. The Medici Influence
Giovanni di Bicci de’ Medici—founded to Medici Bank
Catherine de’ Medici, regent of France—
Maria de’ Medici, regent of France—

6. Medici Family and the Arts
Patrons for art and architecture
Funded huge amounts of Florentine art and architecture
Basilica of St Lawrence

7. Changing Values Humanism— Study of classical texts led to this
Focus of human potential, importance of individuality and achievements
The HUMANITIES:
History, literature, philosophy

8. Changing Values Arts— Pleasure—
Patrons: the wealthy, church leaders, other important figures
Pleasure—
God did not mind people enjoying luxuries
Still mostly devout Catholics, but became secular
Secular—worldly, rather than spiritual

9. Changing Values Upper class Men and Women— Men:
Create art and push for excellence in education
“universal man” or “renaissance man”
Arts and education: charming, witty, well educated, dance, sing, play music and write poetry.
Physical: skilled rider, wrestler and swordsman

10. “Renaissance Man”
A man who is a master of many different important areas of study
Examples:
Leonardo da Vinci—painter, sculptor, inventor, scientist (always called “The Renaissance Man”
Michelangelo Buonarroti—painter, sculptor, architect, and poet

11. Changing Values Upper class Men and Women: Women:
Not expected to seek fame, but instead expected to inspire and support art (patronize)
Seek well rounded education and charm

12. The Courtier

13. Revolutionized Art
Perspective—three dimensions on a flat surface (used by Renaissance painters)
Humanism displayed through the art:
Real, almost lifelike paintings
Beauty, color, zeal, inspiration and meaning now a goal of the artists
Human body far more accurate

14. The Vanishing Point

16. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4mgSPiAiBjU--This is the Renaissance

17. Michelangelo
Pieta

18. Michelangelo’s David

19. Leonardo da Vinci The Mona Lisa

20. Raphael– School of Athens

21. Women Artists
Anguissola—
First to gain international recognition

22. Gentileschi- painted art about the power of women and heroic women

24. Renaissance v Middle Age Art

25. Revolutionized Writing
Vernacular writing vs Latin
Vernacular = native language
Dante did this in Middle Ages, most Renaissance writers adopted this

26. Francesco Petrarch “Father of Renaissance”
First to declare a difference between the Renaissance and Middle Ages
Wrote in both Italian and Latin
Famous sonnets—about Laura
One of the earliest and most influential humanists

27. Giovanni Boccaccio Decameron—book of stories
Tragic and comic views of life
Presented characters’ individuality

28. Niccolo Machiavelli The Prince—political guidebook
Addressed the imperfection of humans and that what was morally right was not always politically effective

29. A Woman of Influence Vittoria Colonna
Exchanged sonnets with Michelangelo
Helped Castiglione publish The Courtier

30. Results of Italian Renaissance
New art and literature styles
New values—importance of individual

31. The Renaissance Spreads North

32. THE NORTHERN RENAISSANCE HANDOUT

33. 1. Why does the Renaissance matter now?
Renaissance ideas are a strong part of modern thought (ex: importance of individual)
2. How did Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Raphael show the Renaissance spirit in their art?
Demonstrated—interest in classical culture, curiosity about the world, belief in human potential
3. What types of people would visit Italy, return to their homeland and spread the Renaissance beyond Italy?
Scholars, students and merchants

34. 4. Why did European population decline in the late 1300s?
The bubonic plague
5. What two countries fought in the Hundred Years’ War?
England and France
6. As wealth increased in Northern Europe, so did _____________________________.
Patronage
PATRON: a person who gives financial or other support to a person, organization, cause, or activity

35. 7. Northern traditions made the Italian Renaissance and Northern Renaissance slightly different. One example of a difference between artists was that northern artists were interested in ___________.
Realism (the style of representing familiar things as they actually are )
8. Why did some Italian artists leave Italy for Northern Europe?
1494—French king claimed throne of Naples (southern Italy), war ensued in Northern Italy, artists fled.
MORE SPECIFICALLY—This was the First Italian War of Charles VIII’s Italian War.

36. 9. Name Nationality What he did Significance Albrecht Durer German
Produced woodcuts and engravings
Popularity of his works helped spread Renaissance ideas
Emphasis on realism influenced Hans Holbein the Younger
Hans Holbein the Younger
Painted royal English family, his painting were almost photographic in detail
Jan van Eyck
Flemish
painter
Developed oil-based techniques that painters still used today
Lifelike work influenced later artists
Pieter Bruegel the Elder
Painter, skilled in portraying large numbers of people in realistic settings

37. 10. How did Christian humanism begin and what was its focus?
Northern humanists were critical of the failure of the church, producing a new movement. Focus = reform of society
11.
12. What does utopia mean in English?
Ideal place
13. What was different about Christine de Pizan when compared to other women of that time?
Highly educated and earned living as a writer
Name
Nationality
Famous Work
Desiderius Erasmus
Holland
The Praise of Folly
Thomas More
England
Utopia

38. 14. Using the excerpt of The Book of The City of Ladies, in your own words, explain what she is saying.
Not all opinions of men are right, women are being held back and this is because of men and, etc
15. The Renaissance in England is known as the _______________________named after who?
Elizabethan Age, named after Queen Elizabeth I
16. Who was the most famous writer of this time? List three of his most famous plays.
William Shakespeare (Macbeth, Hamlet, Othello, Romeo and Juliet, King Lear, A Midsummer Night’s Dream, The Taming of the Shrew)

39. 17. Why was movable type practical for Europeans but not the Chinese?
The Chinese had thousands of letters, but Europeans had only a small amount
18. Why was Gutenberg’s printing press significant?
Enabled one man to produce hundreds of copies, making books cheap enough so that many people could buy them
19. The European Renaissance shifted focus from around the ___________________ and also gave rise of _________________.
Church, democratic ideas

40. 20. Changes in the Arts Changes in Society
Art drew on techniques and styles of classical Greece and Rome.
Paintings and sculptures portrayed individuals and nature in more realistic and lifelike ways.
Artists created works that were secular as well as those that were religious.
Writers began to use vernacular languages to express their ideas
The arts praised individual achievement.
Printing made information available and inexpensive.
Availability of books promoted increased desire for learning and rise in literacy.
Published accounts of new discoveries, maps, and charts led to further discoveries in variety of fields.
Christian humanists’ attempts to reform society changed views about how life should be lived.
People began to question political structures and religious practices.

41. Hans Holbein the Younger

42. Pieter Bruegel the Elder