1. End of Spanish Rule
Unrest Grows in Texas
p. 144

2. Hidalgo Calls For Independence
Mexicans became unhappy with Spanish rule.
Spain increased Mexican taxes to help pay for wars in Europe.
Sept. 16, 1810 Father Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla called for Mexican independence.

3. Gutierrez-Magee Expedition
Bernardo Gutierrez de Lara, a Hidalgo supporter, went to the United States for money and supplies.
Gutierrez recruited soldiers to help in the liberation, or freeing, of Texas.

4. Republican Army of North Texas
In 1812, the Gutierrez-Magee army including Tejanos, Native Americans, and Anglo Americans captured Nacogdoches.
The Republican Army gained control of San Antonio.
They issued a declaration of independence for Texas.

5. Disagreements and Defeats
The Americans and Mexicans quarreled over the new government for Texas.
Americans favored a government with elected officials, like that of the US.
Mexicans preferred a government with appointed officials, like that of New Spain.
Americans pushed for Texas to either be independent or join the United States.

6. Disagreements and Defeats
The Republican army fought it’s last battle near Medina River.
Most of the troops were killed on the battlefield.
Others surrendered and were executed.
Few survived and made their way back to the United States.

7. Revolutionaries and Pirates
Survivors of the Gutierrez-Magee expedition set a base for operations on Galveston Island.
This was an ideal base against the Spanish fleet sailing the Gulf of Mexico.
French pirate, Louis Michel Aury, was appointed as commander of Galveston.
Aury transported an expedition of rebel troops along the Mexican coast and returned to find Galveston under the control of another pirate Jean Laffite.

8. Spain Exiles French Colonists
French colonists tried to settle on the Trinity River.
They built 2 small forts.
The Spanish governor in Texas sent troops to remove the colonists.
The colony was abandoned in 1818.

9. James Long Invades Texas
James Long objected to the United States surrendering its claim to Texas.
Long invaded Texas and captured Nacogdoches.
His followers declared Texas was free and an independent republic, and that Long was the president.
Later Long was captured and taken to Mexico City where he was killed by a guard.