1. Force, Pressure and Area

2.  The force acting on a certain area is called pressure  If you change the area but keep the force the same the pressure changes  Ex. Snowshoes, boxing gloves, thumbtack Pressure = Force (N) P = F = N/M 2 or Pascal (Pa) Area (m 2 ) A Kilopascal (kPa) = 1000 Pa

3. Pascal’s Law  Pressure exerted on a contained fluid is transmitted undiminished in all directions throughout the fluid and perpendicular to the walls of the container  Ex. Squeezing anywhere on the tube of toothpaste will force toothpaste out of the tube  Remember liquids take the shape of their container and are practically uncompressible

4. Hydraulic Lift  A mechanical system that lifts heavy objects  Uses fluid under pressure in a closed system  Your circulatory system is a closed system  Has a small cylinder and a large cylinder, each filled with hydraulic fluid (usually oil)  Both cylinders have a platform or piston that rests on the surface of the fluid  A hydraulic lift uses a liquid to produce a large force on a load with a small effort force on the liquid

5. 500N of force, small piston is 5cm 2, large piston is 500cm 2 Small piston: Pressure = F = 500 N = 100 N/cm 2 A 5 cm 2 Large piston Pressure = F = 500 N = 1 N/cm 2 A 500 cm 2