1. Carpenter’s Manufacturing Process Stainless and Specialty Metals Carpenter manufactures hundreds of grades of specialty cast-wrought and powder metallurgy alloys including stainless steels, high temperature (nickel, iron and cobalt-base) alloys, high strength steels, magnetic and controlled expansion alloys, tool steels, and other special purpose alloys. Product forms include bar, billet, large-diameter hollow bar, wire, fine wire and ribbon, precision strip, special shapes, plate, powder, and hot isostatically pressed (HIP’d) shapes. For more than a century, Carpenter’s high-performance specialty alloys have been meeting the difficult challenges of advancing technologies. Learn more about Carpenter’s manufacturing process. Copyright 2008 CRS Holdings, Inc.

2. Carpenter’s Manufacturing Process Stainless and Specialty Metals Electric-Arc Melting Argon-Oxygen Decarburization (AOD) Continuous Casting 1 of 5 PRIMARY MELTING: Primary melting produces specialty alloys in ingot or powder metal form for further processing. The arc melting process allows for certain alloys to be continuously cast into long “bingots” before hot rolling.

3. Carpenter’s Manufacturing Process Vacuum Induction Melting (VIM) Vacuum Arc Remelting (VAR) ElectroSlag Remelting (ESR) PREMIUM MELTING: Carpenter has one of the most advanced premium melting operations in the world. VIM furnaces melt raw materials under controlled vacuum conditions to produce high-purity ingots and prealloyed powders. The VAR and ESR processes remelt ingots to further impart desirable properties. Ingot HEAT TREATING 2 of 5

4. Carpenter Manufacturing Process FORGING AND COGGING: Large ingots are rolled, pressed or forged into intermediate-sized billets for further processing. Some billet product may be shipped directly to customers. 4,500-Ton Forge Press SX-65 Rotary Forge SX-32 Rotary Forge In-Line Cogging Mills Billet HEAT TREATING 3 of 5

5. Carpenter Manufacturing Process HOT ROLLING: Billets are progressively rolled to smaller cross-section sizes and emerge as hot rolled bars or coils of rod, wire, flat strip, or special shapes. Wire Rolling Mills Bar Rolling Mills Custom Lot Mill (Hand Mills) HEAT TREATING Coil Bar Strip 4 of 5

6. Carpenter Manufacturing Process COLD FINISHING: Various cold drawing, turning and rolling operations produce finished forms of bar, wire, fine wire and ribbon, strip, plate and special shaped bar and wire to exacting customer specifications. Product is then shipped to Carpenter distribution centers or direct to the customer. Large Bar Finishing In-Line Bar-to-Bar Finishing In-Line Coil-to-Bar Finishing Wire Finishing Strip and Plate Finishing 5 of 5

7. Thank you for your interest in Carpenter’s stainless steel, tool steel and specialty alloys manufacturing process. More information about the company’s products is available on this website and Product Literature. To contact Carpenter, call 1-800-654-6543 in the U.S. or refer to the Contact Us page for the location nearest you.