1. Unit 02, Lesson 02 Classification of Matter
CHEMISTRY
Unit 02, Lesson 02
Classification of Matter

2. Fractional Distillation
ENGAGE: Fractional distillation is used in oil refineries to separate crude oil into useful substances (or fractions), having different hydrocarbons of different boiling points.
Images source:

3. Separation Stations EXPLORE Image sources -
Decanting:
Filtration:
Sieving:
Evaporation:
Chromatography:
Magnetic:

4. Graphic Organizer Construction
Construct a 3 tab graphic organizer “Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures”
Materials:
1 sheet paper
scissors
pen
colored pencils/crayons
glue/tape
Instructions:
Fold paper lengthwise.
Cut along the fold lines from the edge to the centerline.
Color the headings ‘Elements’, ‘Compounds’, and ‘Mixtures’ different colors.
Use this graphic organizer to list examples of each type of particle.
Adhere graphic organizer in your science notebook.
EXPLAIN

5. Property Used for Separation
Filtration
EXPLAIN:
Folding a piece of filter paper for insertion into a conical filter consists of a simple set of steps, shown here in the six photographs below. From left to right and top to bottom, one first folds the round piece of filter paper in half and creases it. Then, it is folded again and creased to produce a quarter circle. One outer layer of paper is separated from the other three (not two and two!), and the opening should be made wider by squeezing slightly together at the creases. The conical shaped piece of filter paper is placed into a glass or plastic funnel and wetted slightly with distilled water from a wash bottle.
Separation Technique
Property Used for Separation
Example
Filtration
Solubility
Separate sand from water

6. Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC)
Chromatogram of 10 essential oils colored with vanillin reagent.
Image source:
EXPLAIN: Chromatography is an important analysis tool used in industry and in medicine. Chromatography is used to detect, separate, or purify different substances. Using this process food, drugs, blood, soil, water, air, fuel, and petroleum, and radioactive-fission products are analyzed. In medicine, chromatography can determine the presence of drugs in a person's blood. In water and air quality analysis, chromatography is used to isolate pollutants.
Chromatography of many kinds is widely used throughout the chemical industry. Environmental testing laboratories look for trace quantities of contaminants, such as PCBs in waste oil, and pesticides, such as DDT in groundwater. The Environmental Protection Agency uses chromatography to test drinking water and monitor air quality. Pharmaceutical companies use chromatography both to prepare large quantities of extremely pure materials and also to analyze the purified compounds for trace contaminants.
Chromatography is used for quality control in the food industry, by separating and analyzing additives, vitamins, preservatives, proteins, and amino acids. It can also separate and detect contaminants such as aflatoxin, a cancer-causing chemical produced by a mold on peanuts. Chromatography can be used for purposes as varied as finding drug compounds in urine or other body fluids, to looking for traces of flammable chemicals in burned material from possible arson sites.
Separation Technique
Property Used for Separation
Example
Chromatography
Size, Polarity, pH
Separate component dyes of black ink

7. Property Used for Separation
Sieving
EXPLAIN
Image source:
Separation Technique
Property Used for Separation
Example
Sieving
Particle Size
Panning for gold (Au)

8. Property Used for Separation
Magnetic Attraction
EXPLAIN
Image source:
Drop-in magnetic separator filters, designed for fluid tanks and reservoirs, pull fine particles out of fluids and hold them until the unit can be cleaned and dropped back in. Used in tanks or other containers having low to moderate flows.
Separation Technique
Property Used for Separation
Example
Magnetic Attraction
Magnetism
Separate ferrous from non-ferrous materials

9. Property Used for Separation
Decantation
EXPLAIN
Separation Technique
Property Used for Separation
Example
Decanting
Density or Solubility
Pour off water from sediment mixture

10. Property Used for Separation
Evaporation
EXPLAIN
Separation Technique
Property Used for Separation
Example
Evaporating
Solubility and Boiling Point
Driving off water leaving salt behind

11. TASK: For the scenarios provided, use the decision tree below, and your knowledge of matter, to classify the particles (element, compound, or mixture) described.
EXPLAIN

12. An unknown, clear liquid is given to you in a beaker
An unknown, clear liquid is given to you in a beaker. You transfer the liquid from the beaker to a clean, empty test-tube and begin to heat it. After a while, you see vapors (which on further analysis, you discover are vapors of water) rising from the test-tube, and pretty soon, all that's left are a few crystals of salt stuck to the edges! How would you classify the unknown liquid?
MIXTURE
EXPLAIN

13. You have won the world's biggest lottery, for which you are given a huge block of pure, metallic gold. How would you classify this substance?
ELEMENT
EXPLAIN

14. A dish is given to you, which contains a blackish-yellow powder
A dish is given to you, which contains a blackish-yellow powder. When you move a magnet over it, you are amazed to see black particles (which you find out are iron) fly upwards and get stuck to the magnet. All that's left in the dish is a yellow powder, which you discover to be sulfur. How would you classify the initial blackish-yellow powder?
MIXTURE
EXPLAIN

15. A substance is analyzed in a laboratory, and when viewed under an electron microscope, it is revealed that it contains only one kind of atom. How would you classify the substance?
ELEMENT
EXPLAIN

16. This gas is essential for us, and all other aerobic organisms, to survive. We inhale it along with the air we breathe (of which it forms approximately 21%), and it then helps in the oxidation of glucose in our bodies. How would you classify the substance?
ELEMENT
EXPLAIN

17. Water is what all life in the world depends on.
How would you classify water?
COMPOUND
EXPLAIN

18. A magnesium ribbon is burnt in the air to form the grayish oxide of magnesium - magnesium oxide (MgO). How would you classify this oxide?
COMPOUND
EXPLAIN

19. How would you classify the air we breathe?
MIXTURE
EXPLAIN

20. These are given 'symbols' like 'Ar', 'Zn', 'W‘, and 'Xe' and are arranged in a table called the periodic table. How would you classify these substances?
ELEMENTS
EXPLAIN

21. An unknown, silvery powder has a constant melting point and does not chemically or physically separate into other substances. How would you classify the unknown substance?
ELEMENT
EXPLAIN

22. Separating an Unknown Mixture
Examine the mixture. Discuss, in your group, how you are going to separate the mixture. Think about the properties and techniques you will use and the order of the steps that you will follow.
After you agree on a plan, write this plan in your
science notebook.
3. Review the plan with your teacher before you begin to
separate the mixture.
4. Using the techniques you have selected, separate the
mixture. Make observations and record them in your
ELABORATE

23. Separating Mixtures
Were you successful in separating the components of the mixture? Describe your results.
Was the order you used to separate the mixture important? Why?
 What was the most challenging part about separating the mixture?
 What properties did you use to separate the mixture?
EVALUATE

24. Write a summary report that includes the steps used to successfully separate the unknown mixture into its components.
Include a table that:
classifies each component separated as a pure substance (element or compound) or mixture;
identifies the property and technique used to separate the component from the mixture; and
indicates whether the property used is intensive or extensive.
EVALUATE