2. 3 Communicating Design Ideas

3. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. Objectives Explain the three basic types of communication technology. List various forms of communication. Communicate ideas using isometric and perspective sketches. Draw simple objects using orthographic projection. Demonstrate standard drawing techniques. Explain the advantages of computer-aided design.

4. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. Objectives Summarize the principle of concurrent engineering. Identify uses for 3D printing.

5. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. Communication Types of communicationcommunication Visual communication Audio communication Audiovisual communication Communication technology © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

6. Forms of Communication Hand signals and sounds Symbols and signsSymbols Electronic communication © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

7. Discussion What are some methods people use to communicate? What are the advantages and disadvantages of each method?

8. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. Sketching Line drawings Drafting “Language of industry” Prevents confusion about the size and shape of an object or structure © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

9. Three Types of Drawings

10. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. Freehand Sketching Allows you to record ideas rapidly Allows you to share and discuss ideas Makes it easier to develop ideas © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

11. Isometric Sketching Media Isometric paper Plain paper Isometric axes Height Width Depth © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

12. Isometric Sketching Draw basic shape using construction linesconstruction lines Refine the sketch Darken sketch lines Remove unnecessary construction lines © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

13. Freehand Isometric Sketching

14. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. Perspective Sketching Most realistic picture of objects Parallel lines converge Vertical lines become shorter as they disappear into the distance © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

15. Discussion What is the difference between an isometric sketch and a perspective sketch?

16. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. Orthographic Projection Three standard viewsviews Front Top Right side Standard arrangement © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

17. Drawing Instruments T-square 45  and 30  /60  drafting triangles Compass Scale (ruler) © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

18. Drawing Techniques © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

19. Alphabet of Lines © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

20. Dimensioning Overall dimensions Detail dimensions © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

21. Scale Drawings Full scale (1:1) Objects drawn at true size Reduced scale For objects too large to fit on paper Example: 1:2 Enlarged scale For objects too small to see details clearly Example: 2:1 © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

22. Discussion Name an object that must be drawn at a reduced scale and one that must be drawn at an enlarged scale.

23. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. Computer-Aided Design (CAD) Three parts Input device Processor Output device Used to create accurate design drawings 3D designs Virtual reality © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

24. Advantages of CAD Corrections can be made quickly Nothing needs to be drawn more than once 3D images can be rotated and viewed from various angles © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

25. Discussion How has CAD changed the way products are designed and made?

26. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. Concurrent Engineering Product produced quickly Product meets customer needs Constant communication among: Designers Production team Customers Marketing Project manager

27. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. 3D Printers Additive fabrication Rapid prototyping (RP) systems Rapid manufacturing systems “Personal” 3D printers

28. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. Review What are the three basic types of communication? Visual communication, audio communication, and audiovisual communication

29. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. Review A blog is a form of _____ communication. electronic

30. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. Review Name three reasons why freehand sketching is important in product design. 1)It allows you to record ideas rapidly. 2)It allows you to share and discuss ideas with others. 3)It makes it easier to develop ideas.

31. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. Review In _____ sketching, lines representing the width and depth of the item are set at 30  from the horizontal. isometric

32. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. Review In _____ sketching, parallel lines converge and vertical lines become shorter as they disappear into the distance. perspective

33. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. Review In orthographic projection, the viewing angle is at _____ angles to the surface. right

34. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. Review True or False? When drawing vertical lines with a drafting triangle, you should draw the lines from top to bottom. False

35. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. Review True or False? Concurrent engineering saves time because of increased communication. True

36. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. Review How can 3D printing be used to experiment with ideas during the design stage? It can be used to create prototypes quickly.

37. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. GLOSSARY 3D printer Any machine that can process a CAD file to create a 3D part. Additive fabrication The process of creating a “3D print” of an object from a CAD file by depositing layers of liquid, powder, or sheet material according to computer instructions and fusing the layers together. Alphabet of lines The standard line types and widths used on technical drawings.

38. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. GLOSSARY Communication The process of exchanging information or ideas between two or more living beings. Communication technology The transmitting and receiving of information using technical means, such as special devices for transmitting and receiving information and special mediums for transmission. Computer-aided design (CAD) A method of making accurate drawings using a computer.

39. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. GLOSSARY Concurrent engineering A system of designing, developing, and manufacturing a product that involves every department, as well as the customer, from the beginning of the design stage. Construction lines Thin, faint lines used to start a drawing. Drafting Drawings of ideas to be communicated, often called the “language of industry.”

40. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. GLOSSARY Freehand sketching Sketching by hand without the aid of mechanical instruments such as rulers and templates. Isometric axes Three intersecting lines that form the basis of an isometric drawing. One of the lines is vertical. The other two are at 30° from the horizontal. Isometric sketching The simplest type of picture-like drawing; it is used to share an idea or record ideas for further discussion. Line drawings Objects and ideas represented by lines and shapes.

41. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. GLOSSARY Orthographic projection Kind of drawing that shows each surface of the object “square on” (at right angles to the surface). Perspective sketching Sketching method that provides the most realistic picture of objects. Rapid manufacturing system A 3D printer that is capable of creating real parts for use in actual products. Rapid Prototyping (RP) A system that creates a prototype part quickly from a CAD file. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

42. GLOSSARY Scale drawing A drawing that is larger or smaller than the object by a fixed ratio. Symbol Simple picture or shape used as a means of communicating without using words. Views In orthographic projection, drawings of the front, top, or right side of an object taken at right angles to the surfaces.

43. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. GLOSSARY Virtual reality An artificial environment provided by a computer that creates sights, sounds, and, occasionally, feelings through the use of a mask, speakers, and gloves or other sensory-enhancing devices.