1. International Conference on Sustainable Built Environment NANCO AND UNIVERSITY OF MELBOURNE JOINT RESEARCH SESSION ON NANOTECHNOLOGY AND SUSTAINABLE BUILT ENVIRONMENT 13-14 December, 2010 at Earls Regency, Kandy, Sri Lanka

2. CLAY NANO PARTICLE EMBEDED NANO FIBERS FOR UV PROTECED CURTAINS TO BE USED IN SMART HOUSES WITH NANO TECHNOLOGY

3. MMT clay nano particles UV blocking property + Polymer solution Electro spinning Polymer composite (PAN/nano clay) Nano fiber composite UPF (ultra violet protection factor) Fiber strength Research overview

4. Montmorillonite clay nano particles  Montmorillonite clay nano particle – layered structure. Paul D.R, Robeson L.M, Polymer nano technology:nano composite, Polymer 49 (2008) 3187–3204 Structure of Na- MMT MMT clay particle layered structure

5. Montmorillonite clay nano particles and its properties  Modified nano clay in to polypropylene create active dye sites.  can impart flame retardant property to the composite  Have the UV blocking capability  Light scattering of a material due to change in refractive index.  layered structure of a material change the material’s refractive index.  Incident light is only attenuated through light scattering. therefore no absorption will take place.

6. UV radiation of sunlight UV - A UV - B UV - C 315 – 400 nm 280– 315 nm 100 – 280 nm Least dangerousHuman skin should be protected against Most dangerous but absorbed by atmosphere 3.10 – 3.94 ev3.94 – 4.43 ev4.43- 12.4 ev

7. Absorbency measurement of Na-MMT & SL nano clay Absorbance behavior of MMT, SL Clay and commercial UV blocker Commercial UV absorber : absorbency 2.25 at 290 nm- 350 nm Na- MMT : 1 <absorbency <1.65 at 290 - 370 nm SL nano clay : 1 <absorbency <1.48 at 290 - 400 nm

8. Analysis of UV blocking property of Na- MMT & SL nano clay B A 0.0025M BTB/ 0.2g ZnO UV light source Sample nameAB Sample 1NoUV on for 20 minutes Sample 2 Na-MMT 1g/1000ml in liquid form to cover the BTB/ZnO solution UV on for 20 minutes Sample 3 Na-MMT in solid form to cover the BTB/ZnO solution UV on for 20 minutes Sample 4 SL Clay 1g/1000ml in liquid form to cover the BTB/ZnO solution UV on for 20 minutes Sample 5 SL clay in solid form to cover the BTB/ZnO solution UV on for 20 minutes Sample 6NoNO

9. Annalysis of UV blocking property of Na-MMT & SL nano clay cont.. UV blocking behavior of Na-MMT and SL Clay in powder and liquid form

10. Embedding clay nano particles to nano fibers Preparation of polymer solution Electro spinning (solvent spinning) Nano fiber composite PAN +DMF PAN: clay – 10:1 +DMF 0kV power supply -15kV power supply Nano fiber web collected using the electro spinning

11. SEM images of PAN/Clay nano fiber composite PAN/ Na-MMT nano fiber PAN/ SL clay nano fiber PAN nano fiber

12. UPF (Ultraviolet protection factor)  Measures the Ultra Violet protection of the substrate  Can be performed by measuring the material’s diffuse transmittance in the ultraviolet (UV) spectrum.  For textile materials UPF depends on  Thickness and density of the fabric  Fabric construction  Dye and pigments presence in the textile, fiber, yarn  Chemical structure of the fiber UVR protection category UV Protection factorMean % UVR transmission ModerateUPF 10 to 1910 to 5.1 HighUPF 20 to 295 to 3.4 Very highUPF 30 to 493.3 to 2 MaximumUPF > 50< 2

13. Comparison of mechanical properties of nano fiber composite Nano fiber tensile strength measure mechanism  Single fiber can be mounted on one end to an AFM cantilever tip using electron beam-induced deposition (that served as a force-sensing element)  Other end glued to the etched tip of a tungsten wire (using glue and optical microscope).  Tensile tests of the fiber can be conducted inside the SEM vacuum chamber  Applied force can be calculated from the observed deflection of the AFM cantilever E. Zussman, X. Chen et at, Carbon 43 (2005) 2175–2185

14. Conclusion  MMT layered nano materials has the UV blocking capability.  SL nano clay compared to Na-MMT has a good UV blocking capability.  Nano clay particles embedded nano fibers can be produced using electro spinning technology.  Electro spinning technology has low out put and should be further developed to make fiber composite at bulk level.  SL nano clay with layered structure can be successfully use to produce curtains with UV blocking property.  Future work should focus on following  Measure the absorbency of the nano fiber composite in the UV spectrum  Measure the UPF of the fiber composite  Measure the individual nano composite fiber strength