1. Four Systems of
Our
Earth

2. Composition of Earth
Earth Has 4 main systems that interact:

3. The Atmosphere– layer of gas that surrounds Earth more commonly known as “air”.

4. Atmosphere. How do you know its there
Is this “air” that surrounds us considered matter? Does it weigh anything? How do you know?
Think about it and decide on an answer.
Talk in groups with the person who sits by you
Be ready to tell the class what you decided and why.

5. Weight of the atmosphere
Gases are in the atmosphere.
They are things we learned about in the periodic table: Nitrogen, Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide, Hydrogen
It is matter! Sound can travel through it.

6. Even though you can’t see them, Atoms make up gases.
Are some atoms bigger than others?
Are their atomic weights all the same?

7. Helium vs. Carbon Dioxide
Do you think of helium as light and floating or heavy and falling?
Do you think about Carbon Dioxide as light and floating or heavy and falling….think about the gas released from dry ice… does it go up or down?

8. Composition of Earth Earth Has 4 main systems that interact:
The Atmosphere
Mostly Nitrogen and Oxygen
Water vapor is responsible for clouds and precipitation
Has layers
Protects us from meteors and comets, x-rays, gamma rays, ultra violet light
The Hydrosphere
The Biosphere
The Geosphere

10. Composition of Earth’s atmosphere
Earth Has 4 main systems that interact:
The Atmosphere
layers
Exosphere
Thermosphere
Mesosphere
Stratosphere
Troposphere
The Biosphere
The Geosphere
The Hydrosphere
Exosphere

11. Composition of Earth’s atmosphere
Earth Has 4 main systems that interact:
The Atmosphere
Troposphere
Contains most clouds and weather.
Temperature cools as you go higher50% of sun’s energy passes through, 50% is reflected back.
Most of the troposphere’s heat is from Earth (convection)
Stratosphere
Mesosphere
Thermosphere
The Hydrosphere
The Biosphere
The Geosphere
Exosphere

12. Contains most clouds and weather.
Temperature cools as you go higher50% of sun’s energy passes through, 50% is reflected back.
Most of the troposphere’s heat is from Earth (convection)

13. Troposphere and Clouds
Among other gases there is water vapor in the troposphere.
Clouds—form when air rises, cools to its dew point, and becomes saturated (moist).

14. Water Vapor Demonstration

15. Water Cycle Demo

16. Precipitation-falling water in the form of rain, freezing rain, sleet, snow, or hail

17. Section 2: Earth’s Weather Troposphere
Weather—the atmosphere’s condition in terms of temperature, cloud cover, wind speed and direction, humidity, and air pressure.
What are different types of weather? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

18. Section 2: Earth’s Weather Troposphere
Temperature—a measure of how fast air molecules are moving.
When molecules are moving rapidly, temperature is high.
Celsius and Fahrenheit thermometers measure air temperature.

19. Section 2: Earth’s Weather Troposphere
What is the temperature like today?
Hot/ Cold ______________________
Degrees Fahrenheit_______________
Degrees Celsius _________________

20. Section 2: Earth’s Weather Troposphere
Energy is transferred between fast-moving molecules and slower-moving molecules.
Conduction—transfer of energy when molecules collide.
Give an example of something heating up due to conduction: __________________________________
Convection occurs when warm air rises and cool air sinks.
Give an example of something heating up due to convection: ___________________________________

21. Section 2: Earth’s Weather Troposphere
Air pressure— air weight that varies over Earth’s surface.
Warmer air is less dense and exerts less pressure.
Cooler air is more dense and exerts more pressure.

22. Air Pressure Demonstration—Write about what you learned

23. Humidity— the amount of water vapor in the air
Temperature affects how much moisture is in the air.

24. Dewpoint—when the air is holding as much water vapor as it can
Relative humidity— a measure of the amount of water vapor present compared to the amount that could be held at a specific temperature.

25. THAT WAS ALL ABOUT THE TROPOSPHERE!!!
Lets cover the other layers briefly.
Go back up to the graphic organizer at the top of your notes and fill in info about each layer.

26. Composition of Earth’s atmosphere
Earth Has 4 main systems that interact:
The Atmosphere
Troposphere
Stratosphere
10 km to 50 km
contains ozone that absorbs much of the Sun’s ultraviolet radiation.
Gets warmer as you go up.
Mesosphere
Thermosphere
The Hydrosphere
The Biosphere
The Geosphere

28. Composition of Earth’s atmosphere
Earth Has 4 main systems that interact:
The Atmosphere
Troposphere
Stratosphere
Mesosphere
50-85 km
The coldest part of the atmosphere. It can get down to -90°C in the mesosphere.
Thermosphere
The Hydrosphere
The Biosphere
The Geosphere

30. Composition of Earth’s atmosphere
Earth Has 4 main systems that interact:
The Atmosphere
Troposphere
Stratosphere
Mesosphere
Thermosphere km
Temperatures increase up to 1,700°C
Filters out x-rays and gamma rays from the sun.
This is an image of the space shuttle as it is orbiting around the Earth. The space shuttle orbits in the thermosphere of the Earth.
The Hydrosphere
The Biosphere
The Geosphere

32. Exosphere The last layer of the atmosphere
Difficult to tell where it stops and space begins
Very few atoms in this layer of the atmosphere

34. Ionosphere
Within the mesosphere and thermosphere is a layer of electrically charged particles. This layer allows radio waves to travel across the country to another city.
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