1. Bee Barcoding (Bee-BOL) Campaign J. Gibbs, L. Packer, C. Sheffield York University

2.  Bee-BOL: the campaign to barcode the bees of the world. ◦ Its beginning ◦ Its current status  Example studies: ◦ A whole bee community ◦ A whole (nightmare) taxon  iBOL and pollinators. ◦ How to barcode the bees of the world ◦ How you can help

3. May 12 th – 14 th 2008 12 – 14 Mayo, 2008 12 – 14 Maio, 2008 ２００８年 5 月１２－１４日 Inaugural Meeting Reunión Inagural Reunião Inaugural 創立総会

5. Methods York 6 boxes – 516 specimens from 28 nations Ninety-six well DNA isolation protocols Hierarchy of primer decisions; including degenerate primer cocktails % success amplifying barcode sequence

6. BeeBol: 6 submitted plates: 423 sequences 423/561 with some sequence (75%) ~1200 sequencing reactions 235 with >600 bp 85 with < 400 bp Taxonomic patterns 6 families, 76 genera Age patterns 6 boxes 297 P1 (LepF1/LepR1) 215 P2 (LepF1/C_ANTMR1D) 130 P3 (RonMWASPDeg_T1/LepR1) 85 P3 (MLepF1/LepR1) Folmer primers (not tried on these specimens) 10 Wolbachia CO1 sequences that amplified with P1 All produced insect CO1 with P2 and P3 3 mouse sequences Taq contamination

7. BeeBol – – within taxa comparisions Within species (as originally defined) Between sister species

8. BeeBol– length / age

9. The Bee-BOL website

10. You will be able to find All power point presentations or read texts from Toronto and Durban meetings Meeting documents, including guidelines on how you can help The world bee species list, with each species directly linked to its page on the discover life website Images and Key to Andreninae List of contributors, contact information, lists of projects etc. www.bee-bol.org

11. Bee Imaging Project Ctenocolletes smaragdinus (Smith) Caupolicana fulvicollis Spinola

12. BEE STATS 6,752 Barcodes >1,542 Species Barcoded 452 Andrenidae 1,996 Apidae 638 Colletidae 2,838 Halictidae 912 Megachilidae 11 Melittidae 5 Stenotritidae

13. A community-wide survey: the bees of Nova Scotia, Canada Hylaeus affinis / modestus Hylaeus basalis Hylaeus annulatus Hylaeus mesillae Hylaeus verticallis Colletes compactus Colletes inaequalis Colletes simulans Macropis nuda Perdita octomaculata 2% Colletidae Sheffield et al. submitted to Molecular Ecology Resources

14. Whole taxon studies

15. Dialictus: DNA barcoding a nightmare taxon

17. Revision of the Canadian and Eastern USA Dialictus fauna  Describe all species in these regions (~100) ◦ New synonymies  20 so far ◦ Resurrections  4 so far ◦ New species  20 so far

18. Typical DNA barcoding results  Clear agreement between morphology and molecules  Little variation within species across large geographical areas

19. Hidden diversity  Deep divergences within a ‘single’ species ◦ Erroneous synonymies ◦ Cryptic species

20. L. tegulare species group Gibbs (submitted to Zootaxa)

21. Unexpected results  Different morphologies  Same sequence!  L. rohweri and L. callidum

22. Bee-BOL Goals Barcode all bee species (19231 + undescribed spp.) Combination of regional studies and whole taxon studies Gain specimens from collections Focused collecting for rare species and under sampled localities www.bee-bol.org

23. www.dnabarcoding.org 10 specimens each from 500,000 species, within 5 years of activation We hope to barcode all bees for ~$5M.

24. iBOL and pollinators  BEE-BOL a major component  Flower flies  Other economically important groups ◦ Eg. Cacao midges

25. High impact groups  Meliponini  Xylocopa

26. How you can help SPECIMENS! Coloured bowls for easy collecting

27. Requirements and Benefits  Requirements  Specimens to be barcoded must: ◦ Have full collection data ◦ Have an associated image (we can take these) ◦ At least one exemplar of each species must be kept in an institution that will be able to loan it if further morphological taxonomic study is needed  All materials can be returned to their country of origin  Benefits ◦ Data ◦ Identifications ◦ Publications associated with release of full data sets ◦ Training, workshop/conference attendance for students  BEE-BOL www.bee-bol.org

28. FUNDING The Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (Canada), Canada Research Chairs program, Ontario Foundation for Innovation and Genome Canada through the Ontario Genomics Institute to PDNH Fonds québécois de la recherche sur la nature et les technologies B3 postdoctoral fellowship to MAS. CBOL – funded the May workshop York University Sujeevan Ratnasingham (BOLD) Kate Crosby and Anibal Castillo (diligent, careful and enthusiastic lab work) COLLABORATIONS John Ascher and John Pickering and others that contributed to the bee species list on Discover Life Sam Droege All workshop attendees who submitted samples Numerous collaborators throughout the world who have sent in samples PARTNERS IN FUNDING AND IN-KIND SUPPORT

29.  MANY THANKS TO THE ORGANIZERS  AND THANKS FOR LISTENING