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Published byMeryl Barker Modified over 9 years ago
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Risk factors for adolescent dating violence Prof. Erica Bowen, Coventry University Inaugural VIA conference, October 24 th 2014
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Overview Nature and prevalence of adolescent dating violence Policy context Issues of terminology Rationale Results Implications and Conclusions
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Nature and prevalence of adolescent dating violence Countries (studies)Form of abuseGirls M %(range) Boys M% (Range) UK (5), Germany (1) Sweden (1) Physical20 (11-25)23 (15-40) UK (4) Switzerland (1) Germany (1) Netherlands (1) Sweden (1) Sexual24 (6-50)12 (2-40) UK (3) Sweden (1) Psychological48 (17-72)44 (24-51)
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Policy context May 2011: Council of Europe Convention Includes those younger than 18 years of age Article 51 specifies that assessments of risk will be conducted for perpetration and victimisation September 20 th 2012: England and Wales Definition of domestic violence broadened to include: non-physical coercive control, AND individuals from age 16.
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Issues of terminology Risk factor = statistically associated with outcome Kraemer et al (1997): Risk factor = precedes outcome Variable risk factor = precedes outcome & can be changed Fixed risk markers = precedes outcome & CANNOT be changed Causal risk factor = changeable, and changes lead to different likelihood of outcome Variable marker = precedes outcome & can be changed BUT change does not alter outcome
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Rationale Vagi et al (2013) review of longitudinal perpetration risk factors; identified 53 separate risk factors, BUT Not limited to adolescence (10 – 18 years); Focus solely on USA/Canada studies Focus on perpetration Published 2000 - 2010 PRESENT STUDY Perpetration & victimisation Adolescence only (10 – 18 years) Any country (English) Published 2000 – May 2014
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Results 30 studies; 13 perpetration, 5 perpetration AND victimisation (ADV involvement), 12 victimisation 56 risk factors for perpetration 39 risk factors for victimisation
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Results: Perpetration Cultural Media influence Cultural Media influence Structural Ethnicity Low parent education Family structure Structural Ethnicity Low parent education Family structure Relationships Peer problems Peer delinquency Low social support Inter-parental Violence Parental hostility Low caring Previous ADV Prior sexual intercourse Relationships Peer problems Peer delinquency Low social support Inter-parental Violence Parental hostility Low caring Previous ADV Prior sexual intercourse Individual Substance Use Mental Health Emotional/Behaviou ral regulation Trauma Attitudes Individual Substance Use Mental Health Emotional/Behaviou ral regulation Trauma Attitudes
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Results: Victimisation Cultural Media influence Watching x-rated movies Cultural Media influence Watching x-rated movies Structural ? Structural ? Relationships Peer problems Low social support Peer ADV Sexual harassment Inter-parental Violence Parental hostility Childhood maltreatment Low caring Previous ADV Previous sexual ADV Relationships Peer problems Low social support Peer ADV Sexual harassment Inter-parental Violence Parental hostility Childhood maltreatment Low caring Previous ADV Previous sexual ADV Individual Substance Use Mental Health Emotional/Behaviou ral regulation Trauma Attitudes Individual Substance Use Mental Health Emotional/Behaviou ral regulation Trauma Attitudes
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Results: Summary & Limitations No evidence for causal risk factors Best evidence for variable risk factors: Perpetration: pro-ADV attitudes; alcohol use, drug use, depression Victimisation: alcohol use, depression Studies typically quite basic & huge variations in: ADV definition ADV measurement Relationship definition Follow up
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Implications and conclusions Young people involved in ADV likely to experience range of other negative relationships & present with range of issues All services need to be aware and consider ADV Early intervention required
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