1. 19 th Century Architecture Architectural History ACT 322 Doris Kemp

2. Topics 19 th Century: Art Nouveau 19 th Century: Art Nouveau 19th Century: Henry Hobson Richardson 19th Century: Henry Hobson Richardson 19th Century: Louis Henri Sullivan 19th Century: Louis Henri Sullivan

3. 19 th Century: Art Nouveau Art Nouveau gains its origin from the period known as “La Belle Epoch” Art Nouveau gains its origin from the period known as “La Belle Epoch” 1880 – 1905 1880 – 1905 Nurtured by a variety of sources Nurtured by a variety of sources Arts and Crafts movement Arts and Crafts movement Gothic Revival Gothic Revival Celtic Revival Celtic Revival Late Baroque and Rococo Late Baroque and Rococo Arts of China and Japan Arts of China and Japan

4. 19 th Century: Art Nouveau Earliest emergence of Art Nouveau begins in England Earliest emergence of Art Nouveau begins in England Arthur Heygate Mackmurdo (1851 – 1942) Arthur Heygate Mackmurdo (1851 – 1942) Designed the title page of Wren’s City Churches Designed the title page of Wren’s City Churches Believed to be the first manifestation of Art Nouveau Believed to be the first manifestation of Art Nouveau

5. 19 th Century: Art Nouveau Victor Horta (1861 – 1947) Victor Horta (1861 – 1947) Belgian architect known for Art Nouveau structures in Belgium Belgian architect known for Art Nouveau structures in Belgium Structures Structures Tassel House Tassel House

6. 19 th Century: Art Nouveau Tassel House Tassel House Brussels, Belgium Brussels, Belgium 1892 – 1893 1892 – 1893 Features Features Swirling tendril designs Swirling tendril designs http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html

7. 19 th Century: Art Nouveau http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html

8. 19 th Century: Art Nouveau Antonio y Cornet Gaudi (1852 – 1926) Antonio y Cornet Gaudi (1852 – 1926) Spanish architect Spanish architect Began as a Gothic Revival architect Began as a Gothic Revival architect Key structures Key structures Sagrada Familia Sagrada Familia Casa Mila Casa Mila Parc Guell Parc Guell

9. 19th Century: Art Nouveau Sagrada Familia Sagrada Familia Located in Barcelona, Spain Located in Barcelona, Spain Gaudi moved away from Gothic style and incorporated his own personal style into his work on the structure Gaudi moved away from Gothic style and incorporated his own personal style into his work on the structure Retains Gothic structural overtones but features a heavy, towering, sculptural presence that is clearly not Gothic Retains Gothic structural overtones but features a heavy, towering, sculptural presence that is clearly not Gothic

10. 19th Century: Art Nouveau http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html

11. 19th Century: Art Nouveau http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html

12. 19th Century: Art Nouveau http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html

13. 19th Century: Art Nouveau Casa Mila Casa Mila Located in Barcelona, Spain Located in Barcelona, Spain An apartment house An apartment house Features Features Undulating plasticity in its façade and plan Undulating plasticity in its façade and plan No bearing walls internally No bearing walls internally

14. 19th Century: Art Nouveau http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html

15. 19th Century: Art Nouveau http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html

16. 19th Century: Art Nouveau Parc Guell Parc Guell Sited on a hillside west of Barcelona, Spain Sited on a hillside west of Barcelona, Spain Features Features Extensive merging of naturalistic forms into walkways, stairways, and seating Extensive merging of naturalistic forms into walkways, stairways, and seating Vaulting leans at oblique angles in a grotto walkway Vaulting leans at oblique angles in a grotto walkway Stairs flow downward like lava Stairs flow downward like lava Ceramic tile finishes Ceramic tile finishes

17. 19th Century: Art Nouveau http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html

18. 19th Century: Art Nouveau http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html

19. 19th Century: Art Nouveau http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html

20. 19th Century: Art Nouveau Charles Rennie Mackintosh (1868 – 1928) Charles Rennie Mackintosh (1868 – 1928) Scottish contemporary to Gaudi Scottish contemporary to Gaudi Gifted designer who had a brief architectural career Gifted designer who had a brief architectural career Developed a unique style that is marginally related to Art Nouveau Developed a unique style that is marginally related to Art Nouveau Uses curves derived from natural forms Uses curves derived from natural forms Key structures Key structures Glasgow School of Art Glasgow School of Art Hill House Hill House

21. 19th Century: Art Nouveau Glasgow School of Art Glasgow School of Art Mackintosh’s first and largest commission Mackintosh’s first and largest commission Presents three elevations to the perimeter streets Presents three elevations to the perimeter streets Main entrance façade is a tight monolithic mass bounded by two rows of large, north-facing studio windows Main entrance façade is a tight monolithic mass bounded by two rows of large, north-facing studio windows

22. 19th Century: Art Nouveau http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html

23. 19th Century: Art Nouveau http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html

24. 19th Century: Art Nouveau http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html

25. 19th Century: Art Nouveau Hill House Hill House Designed for a Glasgow publisher Designed for a Glasgow publisher Stands like a castle on rising ground Stands like a castle on rising ground Monolithic character is achieved by pebble-dash stucco Monolithic character is achieved by pebble-dash stucco

26. 19th Century: Art Nouveau http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html

27. 19th Century: Art Nouveau http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html

28. 19th Century: Henry Hobson Richardson Henry Hobson Richardson (1838 – 1886) Henry Hobson Richardson (1838 – 1886) Second American to attend the the Ecole Des Beaux-Arts Second American to attend the the Ecole Des Beaux-Arts Born to a wealthy family in Louisiana Born to a wealthy family in Louisiana Major structures Major structures Sherman House, Newport Sherman House, Newport Stoughton House, Cambridge Stoughton House, Cambridge

29. 19th Century: Henry Hobson Richardson Sherman House Sherman House Located in Newport, RI Located in Newport, RI Features Features Rusticated stone on the ground floor walls Rusticated stone on the ground floor walls Shingles on the upper- floor walls and roof Shingles on the upper- floor walls and roof Substantial chimneys Substantial chimneys

30. 19th Century: Henry Hobson Richardson http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html

31. 19th Century: Henry Hobson Richardson Stoughton House Stoughton House Located in Cambridge, MA Located in Cambridge, MA Simplified the complex forms of the Sherman House Simplified the complex forms of the Sherman House Features Features Shingle-skinned plan Shingle-skinned plan Two-story living hall Two-story living hall

32. 19th Century: Henry Hobson Richardson http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html

33. 19th Century: Henry Hobson Richardson http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html

34. 19th Century: Louis Henri Sullivan Louis Henry Sullivan (1856 – 1924) Louis Henry Sullivan (1856 – 1924) Architect from Chicago Architect from Chicago As original of an architect as Richardson As original of an architect as Richardson Applied traces of Neo-Classicism and Romanticism Applied traces of Neo-Classicism and Romanticism Major structures Major structures Auditorium Building, Chicago Auditorium Building, Chicago National Farmer’s Bank, Owatonna National Farmer’s Bank, Owatonna

35. 19th Century: Louis Henri Sullivan Auditorium Building Auditorium Building Located in Chicago Located in Chicago One of the most complex multiuse buildings constructed in the country at the time One of the most complex multiuse buildings constructed in the country at the time Contained a ten-story hotel Contained a ten-story hotel Additional offices in the rear Additional offices in the rear

36. 19th Century: Louis Henri Sullivan http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html

37. 19th Century: Louis Henri Sullivan http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html

38. 19th Century: Louis Henri Sullivan National Farmer’s Bank National Farmer’s Bank Located in Owatonna, MN Located in Owatonna, MN Simple rectangular solid with one circular arch on each street front Simple rectangular solid with one circular arch on each street front http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html

39. 19th Century: Louis Henri Sullivan http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html

40. 19th Century: Louis Henri Sullivan http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html

41. References Sullivan, Mary; http://www.bluffton.edu/~sullivanm/ Sullivan, Mary; http://www.bluffton.edu/~sullivanm/ http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wdpt1.html http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wdpt1.html Trachtenburg/Hyman; Architecture: From Prehistory to Postmodernity Trachtenburg/Hyman; Architecture: From Prehistory to Postmodernity Wodehouse/Moffett; A History of Western Architecture Wodehouse/Moffett; A History of Western Architecture

42. 19 th Century Architecture Architectural History ACT 322 Doris Kemp