1. Today is March 14, AP Bio Exam May 14
Today is March 14, AP Bio Exam May 14! Get a book Make and fill in chart
Moss
Fern
Gymnosperm
Angiosperm
Seeds?
Vascular?
Mostly in what phase (life cycle)?

2. Friday’s Test 47 Multiple Choice
2 FRQs—One on plants, one on old material
You will hand me FRQs to exit the room.
If you have blanks, you are staying in
REVIEW MONDAY:
Cells + Chemistry (2 sets of evidence)

4. Cross section of a stem: axis of a plant
Cross section of a stem: axis of a plant. Epidermis: outer layer of the stem. Phloem vessels: tubes that carry glucose
Cambium: new parts of the stem. Cork: protective covering of the stem. Pith: central part of the stem. Xylem vessels: woody part of the stem, carries water

5. Cross section of a root: axis of the plant which grows in the opposite direction from the stem, maintain the plant in place and absorbs nutrients. Piliferous stratum: set of cells on the outer layer that carry the root hairs. Cortex: part of the root that protects the pith. Xylem: woody parts of the root, carries water
Phloem: vessels through which glucose circulates. Pith: central part of the root. Phellogen: part of the root that produces cork.

6. Apoplastic Movement Movement of water and solutes through the cell walls and the intercellular spaces No crossing of the plasma membrane More rapid - less resistance to the flow of water

7. Translocation, movement of glucose

8. Water Potential
Read water potential for dummies

10. C3 vs C4 animation

11. http://highered. mcgraw-hill

13. Ecology Quiz

14. Draw and explain the lifecycle of a plant

15. Dispatch What did you learn from transpiration lab?
Take our calendar and list 3 upcoming deadlines
Monday’s review is on____________
Read alternation of generation and take notes

16. Transpiration
Water wants to move from high to low water potential

17. Transpiration on a cellular level

18. Moss

19. Angiosperm

20. Fern

21. Gymnosperm

22. Introduction to the Plant Kingdom
copyright cmassengale

23. Aquatic to Terrestrial Life
Early Ancestors
Aquatic to Terrestrial Life
copyright cmassengale

24. copyright cmassengale
Aquatic Ancestor
Closest living species to a possible land plant ancestor
Group of green algae
Called Charyophyceans
Chara
copyright cmassengale

25. Algae & Land Plant Similarities
Both contain chlorophylls a and b
Have chloroplasts with stacks of thylakoids
Store starch in plastids
Cellulose in cell walls
Go through Alternation of Generations life Cycle
copyright cmassengale

26. copyright cmassengale
Aquatic Habitat
Terrestrial Habitat
copyright cmassengale

27. Living in Aquatic Environments
Plants surrounded by water so don’t dry out
Sperm swims to egg
Water supports plant
Plants stay in upper surface near light
Absorb nutrients from the H2O
copyright cmassengale

28. Plant Adaptations to Land
Solutions:
Roots absorb H2O & minerals
Lignin & cellulose in cell walls
Vascular Transport System
Waxy cuticle & stomata with guard cells
Pollen containing sperm
Problems:
Need minerals
Gravity
Increase in Height for Light
Adaptations for Drier environment
Reproduction
copyright cmassengale

29. How Are Plants All Alike?
copyright cmassengale

30. Plant Characteristics
Multicellular
Autotrophic (photosynthesis)
Chlorophylls a and b in thylakoid membranes
Surrounded by cell walls containing cellulose (polysaccharide)
Store reserve food as amylose (starch)
copyright cmassengale

31. copyright cmassengale
Plant Reproduction
Alternation of generations life cycle
Diploid (2n) sporophyte stage
Haploid (1n) gametophyte stage
Produce multicellular embryo protected inside multicellular haploid (gametophyte egg sac) tissue
copyright cmassengale

32. copyright cmassengale
Plant Reproduction
Diploid (2n) sporophyte stage produces haploid spores by meiosis
Haploid spores undergo mitosis to produce gametophyte stage
Gametophyte makes gametes (eggs and sperm) by meiosis
Zygote (2n) produces the new sporophyte
copyright cmassengale

33. Alternation of Generations
Gametophyte
2n Sporophyte
2n gametophyte
1n pollen
2n seed with plant embryo
Ovary with 1n ovules (eggs)
Sporophyte
copyright cmassengale

34. Moss Life Cycle http://www. sumanasinc
Angiosperm Life Cycle

35. copyright cmassengale
Plant Divisions
copyright cmassengale

36. copyright cmassengale
Taxonomy
Plants are divided into two groups
Based on the presence or absence of an internal transport system for water and dissolved materials
Called Vascular System
Vascular Bundles
copyright cmassengale

37. copyright cmassengale
Vascular System
Xylem tissue carries water and minerals upward from the roots
Phloem tissue carries sugars made by photosynthesis from the leaves to where they will be stored or used
Sap is the fluid carried inside the xylem or phloem
copyright cmassengale

38. Nonvascular Plants
Do not have vascular tissue for support or conduction of materials
Called Bryophytes
Require a constantly moist environment
Sporophyte stage
Gametophyte Stage
Moss Gametophytes & Sporophytes
copyright cmassengale

39. copyright cmassengale
Nonvascular Plants
Plants can’t grow as tall
Cells must be in direct contact with moisture
Materials move by diffusion cell-to-cell
Sperm must swim to egg through water droplets
copyright cmassengale

40. copyright cmassengale
Nonvascular Plants
Includes mosses (Bryophyta), liverworts (Hepatophyta), and hornworts (Antherophyta)
Liverworts
Hornworts
copyright cmassengale

41. Main Parts of Vascular Plants
Shoots
-Found above ground
-Have leaves attached
- Photosynthetic part of plant
Roots
-Found below ground
-Absorb water & minerals
-Anchor the plant
copyright cmassengale

42. copyright cmassengale
Vascular Plants
Also called Tracheophytes
Subdivided into two groups -- Seedless vascular plants and Seed-bearing vascular plants
Club Moss
copyright cmassengale

43. Seedless Vascular Plants
Includes club moss (Lycophyta), horsetails (Sphenophyta), whisk ferns (Psilophyta), and ferns (Pterophyta)
Whisk ferns
copyright cmassengale
Horsetails

44. Seed-Producing Vascular Plants
Includes two groups – Gymnosperms and Angiosperms
Gymnosperms have naked seeds in cones
Angiosperms have flowers that produce seeds to attract pollinators and produce seeds
copyright cmassengale

45. copyright cmassengale
Gymnosperms
Coniferophyta are known as conifers
Includes pine, cedar, spruce, and fir
Cycadophyta – cycads
Ginkgophyta - ginkgo
Cycad
Ginkgo
copyright cmassengale

46. copyright cmassengale
Gymnosperms
Contains the oldest living plant – Bristle cone pine
Contains the tallest living plant – Sequoia or redwood
copyright cmassengale

47. copyright cmassengale
Angiosperms
Flowering plants
Seeds are formed when an egg or ovule is fertilized by pollen in the ovary
Ovary is within a flower
Flower contains the male (stamen) and/or female (ovaries) parts of the plant
Fruits are frequently produced from these ripened ovaries (help disperse seeds)
copyright cmassengale

48. copyright cmassengale
Angiosperms
Division Anthophyta
Subdivided into two groups – Monocots and Dicots
Monocots have a single seed cotyledon
Dicots have two seed cotyledons
copyright cmassengale

49. copyright cmassengale
Monocots
Parallel venation in leaves
Flower parts in multiples of 3
Vascular tissue scattered in cross section of stem
copyright cmassengale

50. copyright cmassengale
Dicots
Net venation in leaves
Flower parts in multiples of 4 or 5
Vascular tissue in rings in cross section of stem
copyright cmassengale

51. copyright cmassengale
Plant Uses
copyright cmassengale

52. Why We Can’t do Without Plants!
Produce oxygen for the atmosphere
Produce lumber for building
Provide homes and food for many organisms
Prevent erosion
Used for food
copyright cmassengale

53. More Reasons We Can’t do Without Plants!
Produce wood pulp for paper products
Source of many medicines
Ornamental and shade for yards
Fibers such as cotton for fabric
Dyes
copyright cmassengale