1. Please turn in your personal info page on table on way out

2. Lab section# students 9-1125 11-127 1-320 3-516 Lab overcrowding Three options: I restrict morning labs to those who registered initially. 6-8 students move to the afternoon labs. 6-8 students in morning labs take the class another time.

3. Lichens, Bryophytes and Pteridophytes

5. A cartoon tree of life (not to scale!) Eukaryotes Fungi Animals Plants Archaea Bacteria “Protists”

6. Lichen (not a plant) A symbiotic organism (always at least 2 partners) Fungus with cyanobacteria and/or green alga

7. Lichens

8. Lichen reproduction and dispersal http://waynesword.palomar.edu/pljan98.htm

9. Lichen diversity 3 main growth forms crustose fruticose foliose

10. Lichen biodiversity used as an indicator of air quality

11. Lichen diversity Old Man’s Beard (Usnea)

12. Lichen diversity Spotted dog lichen Peltigira

13. Lichen diversity Powderhorn and funnel lichens (Cladonia spp.)

14. Lichen diversity Reindeer “moss” (Cladonia)

15. Lichen diversity Tumbleweed shield lichen (Xanthoparmelia)

16. The evolution of plant diversity

17. What do most plants have in common? 1.Photosynthetic organelles (chloroplasts) --> make sugars from CO 2 using light energy 2.Alternation of generations --> have 2 multi-cellular life stages

18. 2N (diploid) organism meiosis 1N (haploid) gametes OR What we do:

19. 2N (diploid) organism meiosis 1N (haploid) gametes OR What we do: fusion & mitosis 2N (diploid) organism

20. What plants do: Alternation of Generations mitosis meiosis 1N gametophyte 2N sporophyte spores gametes mitosis +

21. Plant life cycles

22. Bryophytes: nonvascular plants (mosses and liverworts)

24. Bryophyte “primitive” features non-vascular(no transport system) no true roots/belowground organs flagellate sperm - require H 2 O to reach egg seedless - dispersal by spores, fragmentation, gemmae dominant gametophyte (haploid) stage in life cycle

25. Mosses - dominant gametophyte w/ attached sporophyte

26. peristome

27. Bryophyta sporophyte gametophyte capsule seta

28. Bryophyte diversity (3 phyla) Bryophyta (Mosses) -12,000 species Sphagnidae (peat mosses: Sphagnum) Andreaeaidae (lantern mosses) Bryidae (95% of moss species) Hepatophyta (Liverworts) Anthocerophyta (Hornworts)

29. Sphagnidae single genus: Sphagnum; about 200 spp. about 1% of terrestrial surface is covered by Sphagnum !!!

30. 20% of electrical power in Ireland from peat combustion

31. Bryidae: most common family of mosses Features used for ID Gametophyte general growth form - stems erect or prostrate leaf cellular features Sporophyte capsule morphology peristome teeth features

32. PolytrichumTortula & Aulacomnium Grimmia Hylocomium

33. Liverworts 8000 species worldwide 2 orders Marchantiales (“Thalloid”) Jungermanniales (“Leafy”)

34. Hornworts - primary tropical

35. The evolution of plant diversity

36. Land plants (Embryophytes) Vascular plants ~450 million years ago Present Bryophytes (mosses, liverworts) Lycopods (club mosses) Seed plants Monophilites (ferns, horsetails) woodiness seeds tracheids (vascular cells for water transport) “true” leaves multiple adaptations to life on land

37. Ferns - dominant sporophyte, free-living gametophyte sporophyte gametophyte

38. Tree Ferns Pteridophytes (Ferns) Single central vascular bundle

39. Isoetes sp. (Quillwort) Lycophytes - Club mosses Lepidodendron (tree-size fossil club moss) Selaginella microphylls Lycopodium annotidum (Stiff Club Moss)

40. Lycophytes - Club mosses strobilus

41. Sphenophytes - Horsetails 1 widespread genus - Equistetum (Equisetaceae)

42. Sphenophytes - Horsetails

43. Adiantum pedatum (Maidenhair Fern) Polypodium vulgare (Polypody) Tree Ferns (once in Montana!) Pterophytes (Ferns)

44. Ferns -- dominant sporophyte, free-living gametophyte sporophyte gametophyte

45. Fern identification Leaf shape Sori on regular leaves vs. specialized leaves