1. Five Kingdoms of Living Things

2. Each living thing must have most of the following:
Ability to MOVE around from place to place, or make things inside it move around
EAT to get energy to breathe, move, and grow
GROW during its lifetime
BREATHE in gases
REPRODUCE to make the next generation
CHANGE as it reacts to the environment

3. Remembering is easy! My - move Elf - eat Baked - breathe
Green and- grow
Red - reproduce
Cookies - change

4. Scientists divide all living things into 5 Kingdoms:
Protist
Monera
Fungi
Plant
Animal

5. The 5 Kingdoms
Taxonomy
a. the science of identifying, naming, and classifying
Classification
a. the act of placing objects in groups based on characteristics
Scientists use both of these to organize living organisms.
The largest group living things are placed in is a kingdom (there are 5).
The smallest classification group is the species. The second smallest is the genus.

6. Protista: Complex, single-celled life forms (eukaryotic)
Usually can only be seen through a microscope
Can be parasites that cause disease
Can make its own food or feed on other living things
A protist has a nucleus.
Examples: ameba, paramecium, simple algae
paramecium
ameba

7. Monera: Simple single cells (prokaryotic)
Shaped like rods, spirals, and round balls
So small they can only be seen through a microscope
No nucleus!
Example: bacteria
Bacteria

8. Protista and Monera protista monera living Has a nucleus
Eukaryotic
(complex)
Most are single
celled
Prokaryotic
(simple)
Producers Or
consumers
protista
monera
living
Examples:
Kelp, ameba,
paramecium No
nucleus
Has a
nucleus
Bacteria

9. Fungi: Many-celled organisms
Absorb food from living or dead things (consumers).
Parasitic “plants” (They are not true plants because they do not have chlorophyll to make their own food.)
Examples: mushrooms, bread mold, penicillin, mildew, and yeast

10. Plants:
Many-celled
Contain chlorophyll used to make their own food (producers) and gives them a green color (photosynthesis)
Have cell walls and large vacuoles
Divided into two main groups: vascular and nonvascular plants

11. I. Two major groups of plants:
A. Vascular plants:
1. Have conducting tissues (xylem and phloem), leaves, stems and roots.
2. Have a root system for anchoring the plant and absorbing water and nutrients from the soil.
3. Have vessels that make tubes for moving water throughout the plant.
ERT (p. 66 on) find out the meanings of roots, root hairs, chlorophyll, chloroplasts, xylem, phloem, stomata, photosynthesis, and respiration.

12. B. Non-vascular plants  
1. Do not have conducting tissues, leaves and roots. They are small.
2. Require water for fertilization so they must grow in moist habitats.
3. Reproduce by spores.
4. Have rhizoids that hold them in place.

13. Vascular and Nonvascular
Tall
Has roots, root hairs, stems, tubes
Some have flowers, fruit, seeds
Chlorophyll
Some reproduce by spores
Have a cell wall
Need water, air, sunlight
Short
Do not have roots, leaves, flowers, root hairs, stems, fruit, tubes, seeds
Chlorophyll
Reproduce by spores
Have a cell wall
Need water, air, sunlight
Have rhizoids that hold them in place but do not absorb water or nutrients

14. Vascular Vs. Non-Vascular
has roots
short
chlorophyll
have
root
hairs no
roots
vascular
non-vascular
Have plant
cells
can be
tall
Have vacuoles &
cell walls
Don’t have leaves,
stems, or seeds
anchored to dirt
Make their
own food

15. Connecting Learning
Draw a picture of the celery and moss the next day. Mark the waterline on your cup. Find and record the ending mass of the celery and moss. Measure the height of the celery and the moss. Record all information with labels.
How did the moss and celery change?
Which plant moved the most water? Explain with data.
Which structures help vascular plants move water?
Why do you think vascular plants are larger than nonvascular?
Is an oak tree a vascular or nonvascular plant? How did this experiment help you with this question?
What are you wondering now?

16. Animals: Divided into 2 main groups:
1. Invertebrates: animals without backbones
2. Vertebrates: animals with backbones
Vertebrate
Invertebrate

17. Vertebrates Invertebrates
Some have an
exoskeleton
Have
backbones
Vertebrates
Invertebrates
Exo means
outside No
backbones
Have an
endoskeleton
Endo means
inside

18. Connecting Learning What do each of your materials represent?
How does your model help you to understand how a backbone functions?
What happened when you made the backbone without the gummy rings?
What is the purpose of the soft discs, or gummy rings?
What are you wondering now about vertebrates?

19. Fish Physical features: Fins Gills Cold-blooded Scales
Classification Groups: Animal Kingdom, Vertebrates
Facts: Fish breathe. Fish lay eggs.

20. Amphibians Physical Features: Moist, slimy bodies
Live on land AND in water
Breathe with gills as well as lungs (sometimes in different stages of life)
Cold-blooded
Classification Groups: Animal Kingdom, Vertebrates
Facts: They lay eggs in moist places. They may have gills that develop into lungs.

21. Reptiles Physical Features: Dry, scaly skin Cold-blooded
Breathe with lungs
Spend most of their time on land
Classification Groups: Animal Kingdom, Vertebrates
Facts: There are 4 types: lizards, snakes, turtles, and alligators/crocodiles.
Most lay eggs.

22. Birds Physical Features Warm-blooded Covered with feathers
Live on land, in trees, & on water
Don’t have front legs
Have wings
Have short, soft feathers called down
Classification Groups: Animal Kingdom, Vertebrates
Facts: Birds have beaks. Most fly. Few live in cold weather. They have hollow bones. Some have webbed feet.

23. Mammals Physical Features: Warm-blooded Have hair/fur to keep warm
Breathe with lungs
Give birth to live young, lay eggs, or have babies in pouches (marsupials).
Feed or nurse their young (milk glands)
Can be carnivores (meat eaters), herbivores (plant eaters), or omnivores (plant/meat eaters)

24. Classification Groups: Animal Kingdom, Vertebrates
Facts:
Keep steady body temperatures.
Some have fat/blubber to keep warm (whales).
We are mammals!
Temperature does not affect their activity levels.

25. Sponges Physical Features: Live in water. Have no heads or faces.
Have small openings, or holes (for breathing).
Classification Groups: Animal Kingdom, Invertebrates
Facts: Sponges are the simplest invertebrates. Most sponges in kitchens are artificial.

26. Mollusks Physical Features: Have soft bodies like worms.
Have two body openings.
Some have a mantel (hard protective covering). A snail does; an octopus does not.
Some have a strong muscular foot (not feet—just one foot).
Classification Groups: Animal Kingdom, Invertebrates
Facts: There are 3 types: snails, scallops, and octopus. They are found in fresh/saltwater or on land.

27. Spiny-Skinned Animals
Physical Features:
Have spines that cover their bodies.
Have tube feet.
Classification Groups: Animal Kingdom, Invertebrates
Facts: They live in oceans. They can pull off a scallop’s shell to eat the soft animal inside!

28. Hollow-Bodied Animals
Physical Features:
Have a hollow center lined with digestive cells.
Have tentacles with sting ray cells.
Have a mouth.
Classification Groups: Animal Kingdom, Invertebrates
Facts: ERT find out characteristics of this animal group.

29. Flatworms & Roundworms
Physical Features:
They feed on other plants or animals (parasites).
Can be round or flat. Roundworms live in soil. Flatworms live in salt/freshwater.
Flatworms have one hole. Roundworms have two.
Classification Groups: Animal Kingdom, Invertebrates
Facts: They are more simple than segmented worms.
Tape worms can grow up to 72 feet!

30. Segmented Worms Physical features: Have two openings for digestion.
Have a segmented body.
Have a brain, heart, and blood.
Classification Groups: Animal Kingdom, Invertebrates
Facts: They are found in soil or fresh/saltwater.

31. Arthropods Physical Features: Have an exoskeleton. Have jointed legs.
Have segmented bodies.
Most have eyes and feelers called antennas.
Classification Groups: Animal Kingdom, Invertebrates
Facts: They live in fresh/saltwater or on land. Insects, arachnids (spiders/ticks/scorpions), and crustaceans (lobsters/crabs/shrimps)
are included in the Arthropod group.
They are the largest animal group
that exists.
crabs
Arachnid (tarantula)
insect

32. Can you compare and contrast
the 5 kingdoms?
Moneran Protist Fungus Plant Animal
One-celled
Has a
nucleus
more
complex
than
monera
Most are
many-
celled
Many-
Celled
2 main
Groups
Vascular
Non-
vascular
Many-
celled
Vertebrates
invertebrates
One-celled
with no
membrane
Bacteria
Paramecium