2. Ben Romberg Asim Fayyaz Marilee Kowalczyk Mike Hruby Nathan Risto Shuja Ahmed THE HAMMERS

3. Introduction History of Mankato Dakota Massacre Architectural Styles What Mankato looks like Today Conclusion

4. History of Mankato Early Mankato (1852- 1900) 1900-1950 1950-1999 Mankato Today (2000)

5. Retailing Changed with Power The downtown face of Mankato was transformed with the spread of electricity changed in the first quarter of 20 th century and internal combustion. Internal combustion engine brought new business to cities and changed the way people shopped. Electricity extended retailers business hours and created demand for a host of revolutionary new products.

6. Beginning of Departmental Chains Empire Departmental store “Brett’s” opened in 1868 between Jackson’s and Cherry street. A huge success, caused relocation, because business out grew the buildings This led other chains to open such as Salet’s and J.C. Penny

7. Automobiles Transportation began to move ahead by 1900. Kato cars- in his downtown garage. By 1912, a automobile and repair shop concluding today’s elements’ Auto service station. Mankato Oil in 1920.

8. Economy The economy was largely based on stone and related products, or pulling things from earth. Leading manufacture products “flour” William Bierbauer brewery. First and most successful beer producers.

9. Schools Pleasant Grove, was an early elementary school in Mankato. Loyola high school in 1876. Mankato Normal School (MSU) in 1867.

10. Dakota Massacre Causes Timeline of Events Lincoln’s Intervention Outcome

11. Causes Treaty of Traverse Des Sioux is signed, forcing Dakota to cede lands in exchange for $1.6 million Civil War causes payments to Dakota not to be made in gold, rather credit Traders refuse to sell provisions on credit, saying, “So concerned, if they are hungry, let them eat grass

12. Timeline of Events July 23, 1851 - Treaty of Traverse Des Sioux August 1862 - payments are not made, the Dakota have no food and begin to starve August 17, 1862 - Four Dakota kill five settlers near Litchfield. Councils are immediately held, and war is the chosen course of action

13. More Time Line of Events August 23, 1862 - Dakota attack New Ulm and burn the majority of the town. 2000 refugees head to Mankato September 23, 1862 - Dakota opposed to war capture 269 Americans during The battle of Wood lake September 26, 1862 - Dakota friendlies release prisoners in hopes of ending war

14. More Time Line of Events Col. Sibley enters Dakota camp and takes 1200 Dakota into custody, 800 other Dakota surrender later Sibley appoints five-member military commission to try Dakota for murder & other outrages 393 trials are conducted, 303 are sentenced to be hanged

15. Lincoln’s Intervention President Lincoln intervenes allowing only 38 of executions to go forward

16. Outcome On December 26, 1862 10 a.m. - 38 Dakota were led to the scaffolds in Mankato and hung until dead, their body’s buried in one grave outside of town Mankato has its only entry into the Guinness Book of World Records