1. Medieval Castles

2. Due to a lack of a strong central government, warfare was frequent
Due to a lack of a strong central government, warfare was frequent. As a result, most nobles build their own fortified manor houses.

3. The primary purpose of castles and fortifications was DEFENSE
The primary purpose of castles and fortifications was DEFENSE! Several methods were used to protect the people inside.

4. The first castles were made of wood, with log walls and mounds of dirt packed around them.

6. By 1100, castles were made of stone, with thick walls and turrets (small towers). Most castles were on hills and surrounded by a moat or ditch.

7. The strongest part of the castle was called the “keep” and contained living quarters, dining hall, and a basement (dungeon).

8. Surrounding the keep was a large open area called a “bailey”
Surrounding the keep was a large open area called a “bailey”. Many other buildings stood within the bailey, including a chapel, storeroom, workshop, and barracks.

9. Castles were never luxurious
Castles were never luxurious. They were dirty and cold, built only for military security Even animals slept within the castle. There was no glass in the windows and poor drainage.

10. For defense, there were small windows for archers, holes for pouring boiling oil on attackers, and a drawbridge to prevent entry.

11. Castle walls had a place for defenders to stand to ward off attacks
Castle walls had a place for defenders to stand to ward off attacks. There were crenelations to protect the defenders.

12. Noblemen were able to build and maintain their castles by collecting rent from their peasants in the form of goods. They then sold the goods for cash or bartered for services (stonemasons, etc…).

13. The Nobleman (Lord) had total control in his fief
The Nobleman (Lord) had total control in his fief. He settled disputes and defended his land with whatever force was necessary.

14. The noble Lady, however, had almost no rights
The noble Lady, however, had almost no rights. Her job was to raise children. She was often wed as early as her 12th birthday!

15. The Lady was expected to do needlework, producing fine embroidery
The Lady was expected to do needlework, producing fine embroidery. They also made medicines from herbs and other plants.