2. Bus Safety Program Children are our most important resource Think SAFETY First Not SPEED First Emergency Evacuation

3. Safety Training Presentation Emergency Bus Evacuation and Points of Egress Mustafa Abdullah Safety & Training Instructor

4. Emergency Exit and Evacuation An emergency situation can happen to anyone, anytime, anywhere. It could be a crash A stalled bus on a railroad-highway crossing or in a high-speed intersection, A fire in the engine compartment, A medical emergency to a student on the bus, etc. Knowing what to do in an emergency, before, during and after an evacuation can mean the difference between life and death.

5. Reasons for Evacuation FIRESACCIDENTSBREAKDOWNS

6. Types of Emergencies When children are being transported, any type of bus emergency can be serious. Some of the emergencies that you should be prepared for include: Collisions Fires Breakdowns Immersions Downed Wires Disabled Driver

7. Collisions School buses survive most collisions remarkably well. So long as children are properly seated, serious injuries to children are rare. But even after a minor incident, calming children and keeping track of them can be a challenge. Where is the fuel tank located? N

8. Fires Although bus fires don’t happen every day, they occur more frequently than commonly thought. Buses can burn quickly in certain situations. Once the seats are burning it takes less than two minutes for toxic fumes to become un- survivable.

9. Breakdowns When children are on board, even a minor mechanical problem creates significant safety concerns. The danger of a second collision to the disabled bus must be considered. In some cases, quick evacuation will be necessary.

10. Immersions Although rare, bus immersions do occur. At least two incidents have resulted in student fatalities. Children drowned when they could not get out of their buses fast enough. There have been a number of close calls as well. The recent floods in this area show that it is very possible that a bus could become involved in an evacuation situation in our district due to flooding.

11. Downed Wires Incidents in which buses come in contact with electrical wires are not uncommon. Electrical wires can pose serious dangers to vehicle occupants. Passengers should remain on board if at all possible, until help arrives.

12. Disabled Driver A number of incidents occur every year in which a school bus driver becomes unconscious or otherwise disabled by a sudden emergency. An attendant’s ability to stop and secure the bus is critical in such incidents.

13. Know Your Bus Use a fire blanket to drag an injured or disabled child to an exit in an emergency Pull the belt tight and cut at an angle Triangle reflectors can be tricky to set up – try it! Learn how to “key” the mike Applying the service brake

14. Drivers (and aides where appropriate) should try to establish some ideas of how they intend to evacuate their vehicle in the event of different types of emergencies. Have a Back-up; don’t expect that every plan will fit every scenario. Pre Planning

15. Be Prepared and Plan Ahead When possible, assign two responsible, older student assistants to each emergency exit. Teach them how to assist the other students off the bus. Assign another student assistant to lead the students to a safe place after evacuation. However, you must recognize that there may not be older, responsible students on the bus at the time of the emergency. Therefore, emergency evacuation procedures must be explained to all students. This includes ensuring that they know the location and operation of the various emergency exits and the importance of listening to and following all instructions given by you.

16. Evacuation Plan (SPECIAL NEEDS VEHICLES)

17. Evacuation Plans The purpose of an evacuation plan is to clarify exactly who does what in an emergency Buses can burn quickly in some situations

18. Responsibilities Driver’s Responsibilities  1.Contact base  2.Secure the bus  3.Maintain communications  4.Protect the scene Attendant’s Responsibilities  1.Determine a safe place of evacuation  2.Assist driver in maintaining order  3.Account for all students

19. When to Evacuate Determine need to evacuate the bus The first and most important consideration is for you to recognize the hazard. If time permits, the driver should contact the dispatcher to explain the situation before making a decision to evacuate the bus. As a general rule, student safety and control is best maintained by keeping students on the bus during an emergency and or impending crisis situation, if so doing does not expose them to unnecessary risk or injury. Remember, the decision to evacuate the bus must be a timely one. A decision to evacuate should include consideration of the following conditions:

20.  Is there a fire or danger of fire?  Is there a smell of leaking fuel?  Is there a chance the bus could be hit by other vehicles?  Is the bus in the path of a sighted tornado or rising water?  Are there downed power lines?  Would removing students expose them to speeding traffic or a dangerous environment?  Would moving students complicate injuries?  Is there a hazardous spill involved?

21. Mandatory Evacuations The driver MUST evacuate the bus when: The bus is on fire or there is a threat of a fire. The bus is stalled on or adjacent to a railroad crossing The position of the bus may change and increase the danger There is imminent danger of collision. There is a need to quickly evacuate because of a hazardous material spill.

22. Emergency Bus Evacuation Procedures

23. General Procedures Determine if evacuation is in the best interest of safety Determine the best type of evacuation  Front or rear door evacuation, or a combination of both.  Emergency window evacuation.  Roof hatch Evacuation.  Secondary point of egress evacuation. Secure the bus by:  Placing transmission in park.  Setting the parking brake.  Shutting off the engine.  Removing the ignition key.  Activating the hazard lights.

24.  If time allows, notify office of evacuation location, conditions, and type of assistance needed.  Dangle radio microphone out of driver’s window for later use if possible.  If radio is inoperable, dispatch a passing motorist or area resident to call for help. As a last resort, dispatch two (2) older, responsible students to go for help.  Order the evacuation.  Evacuate students from the bus. *Do not move a student you believe may have suffered a neck or spinal injury unless his or her life is in immediate danger. Special procedures must be used to move neck and spinal injury victims to prevent further injury.  Direct a student to lead students to the nearest safe place.  Walk through the bus to ensure no students remain on the bus. Retrieve emergency equipment.  Join waiting students. Account for all students and check for their safety.  Protect the scene. Set out emergency warning devices as necessary and appropriate.  Prepare information for emergency responders.

25. Some Tips to Determine a Safe Place  A safe place for the students will be at least 100 feet off the road in the direction of oncoming traffic. This will keep them from being hit by debris if another vehicle collides with the bus.  Lead students upwind of the bus if fire is present  Lead students as far away from railroad tracks as possible and in the direction of any oncoming train.  Lead students upwind of the bus at least 300 feet if there is a risk from spilled hazardous materials.  If the bus is in the direct path of a sighted tornado and evacuation is ordered, escort students to a nearby ditch or culvert if shelter in a building is not readily available, and direct them to lie face down, hands covering their head. They should be far enough away so that the bus cannot topple on them. Avoid areas that are subject to flash floods.

26. Primary Points of Egress Front Door Rear Emergency Door Emergency Windows Roof Hatches

27. “Primary Egress Points” - Learn How to Go Out All Exits “Feet first, face down” is the safest way to go out an emergency window

28. “Primary Egress Points” - Learn How to Open ALL Exits Two Different Type Of Escape Hatches They Open And Close Differently Roof hatches can be tricky to open!

29. Getting Out of the Hatch 1234 5 6

30. Secondary points of Egress There may come a time when it is necessary to make a mass evacuation where the primary points of egress are either blocked or not sufficient to make a timely evacuation of all students. It then will be necessary to make use of the secondary points of evacuation. What are the primary points of egress? How do you access them? What are some of the dangers involved with their use?

31. What to do If: The bus rolls over (passenger / side driver’s side) There’s a fire on the bus (front / rear) The bus fills up with smoke The bus is caught in a flood or tornado The bus comes in contact with downed wires The bus stalls at a R/R crossing The driver passes out (or the aide) CONCLUSION

32. In a situation such as this the normal evacuation procedures that we practice will not apply. What would you do in a situation such as this? When the front passenger side door is blocked, other means of egress must be considered. Note the open roof hatch. Things to consider: 1.Seat belts 2.Fuel leakage 3.Broken glass 4.Passenger disorientation

33. Flood / Tornado Try to find shelter in a building. If no shelter is available look for a ditch or culvert, direct students to lie face down with their hands covering their heads. Move far enough away so that the bus will not topple on them. Avoid areas that are subject to flash floods. Seek high ground, avoid ditches and gullies.

34. Downed Wires If at all possible, remain ON the bus until help arrives If you have to evacuate, JUMP from the bus to the ground. DO NOT step off keeping one foot in contact with the bus and one touching the ground

35. Railroad Crossing Lead students as far away from railroad tracks as possible, in the direction of any oncoming train

36. DISABLED DRIVER A driver could become disabled due to an accident, or due to a medical condition. In either case, someone will have to take charge of the situation and make the command decisions.

37. Would they know what to do if the driver suddenly became unconscious while driving the bus? Who would stop the bus? How would they do it? Who is going to evacuate the bus?