1. Do Now
Why is it written in the law that it is illegal to kill someone?*
*your answer should be 2-3
complete sentences
5 minutes

2. ACT Prep: Buddy
Take 5 minutes to read the story about Buddy and answer questions 10 and 11
5 minutes
End

3. Question 10
The passage as a whole suggests about Buddy’s cousin that she is:
F. a better person than Buddy’s other relatives.
G. a burden to her family.
H. easily taken advantage of.
J. a poor role model for Buddy.

4. Question 10
The passage as a whole suggests about Buddy’s cousin that she is:
F. a better person than Buddy’s other relatives.
G. a burden to her family.
H. easily taken advantage of.
J. a poor role model for Buddy.

5. Question 11
On the basis of the information contained in the passage, Buddy would most likely describe the other relatives who live in the house as:
A. responsible.
B. stingy.
C. youthful.
D. religious.

6. Question 11
On the basis of the information contained in the passage, Buddy would most likely describe the other relatives who live in the house as:
A. responsible.
B. stingy.
C. youthful.
D. religious.

7. Notes
State of Nature:

8. Notes
State of Nature: a concept that describes the condition of man and what lives would be like before societies existed, or what lives would be like if there was no government.

9. Notes
Social Contract:

10. Notes
Social Contract: A theory that addresses the origin of government and society and the legitimacy of the government. The social contract argues that individuals have consented to surrender some of their freedoms to submit to the authority of a government in exchange for protection of their remaining rights.

11. Thomas Hobbes ( )
English Philosopher
Leviathan, 1651

12. John Locke (1632-1704) British Enlightenment Philosopher
The Second Treatise of Government,
1689
Government Legitimacy

13. Jean Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778)
Genevan Philosopher
Du Contrat Sociale, 1762
In response and as a revisit to both
Locke and Hobbes

14. Rousseau’s State of Nature
“The first man who, having fenced in a piece of land, said "This is mine," and found people naïve enough to believe him, that man was the true founder of civil society. From how many crimes, wars, and murders, from how many horrors and misfortunes might not any one have saved mankind, by pulling up the stakes, or filling up the ditch, and crying to his fellows: Beware of listening to this impostor; you are undone if you once forget that the fruits of the earth belong to us all, and the earth itself to nobody.”
~Rousseau Discourse on the Origin of Inequality

15. Rousseau’s State of Nature
“The first man who, having fenced in a piece of land, said "This is mine," and found people naïve enough to believe him, that man was the true founder of civil society. From how many crimes, wars, and murders, from how many horrors and misfortunes might not any one have saved mankind, by pulling up the stakes, or filling up the ditch, and crying to his fellows: Beware of listening to this impostor; you are undone if you once forget that the fruits of the earth belong to us all, and the earth itself to nobody.”
~Rousseau Discourse on the Origin of Inequality

16. What it means
Rousseau is pointing out that in the State of Nature, man was not at war, but only cared about primal needs (i.e. food, shelter, water, etc). Really only self-focused. For Rousseau, civil society as we know it only accompanies the advent of property and restriction. Because of the limitations placed on property, man’s peaceful nature was corrupted by society.

17. Rousseau’s Social Contract
“In fact, each individual, as a man, may have a particular will contrary or dissimilar to the general will which he has as a citizen. His particular interest may speak to him quite differently from the common interest: his absolute and naturally independent existence may make him look upon what he owes to the common cause as a gratuitous contribution, the loss of which will do less harm to others than the payment of it is burdensome to himself; and, regarding the moral person which constitutes the State as a persona ficta, because not a man, he may wish to enjoy the rights of citizenship without being ready to fulfil the duties of a subject. The continuance of such an injustice could not but prove the undoing of the body politic….

18. …
…In order then that the social compact may not be an empty formula, it tacitly includes the undertaking, which alone can give force to the rest, that whoever refuses to obey the general will shall be compelled to do so by the whole body. This means nothing less than that he will be forced to be free; for this is the condition which, by giving each citizen to his country, secures him against all personal dependence. In this lies the key to the working of the political machine; this alone legitimises civil undertakings, which, without it, would be absurd, tyrannical, and liable to the most frightful abuses.” ~Rousseau Du Contrat Sociale

19. Rousseau’s Social Contract
“In fact, each individual, as a man, may have a particular will contrary or dissimilar to the general will which he has as a citizen. His particular interest may speak to him quite differently from the common interest: his absolute and naturally independent existence may make him look upon what he owes to the common cause as a gratuitous contribution, the loss of which will do less harm to others than the payment of it is burdensome to himself; and, regarding the moral person which constitutes the State as a persona ficta, because not a man, he may wish to enjoy the rights of citizenship without being ready to fulfil the duties of a subject. The continuance of such an injustice could not but prove the undoing of the body politic….

20. …
…In order then that the social compact may not be an empty formula, it tacitly includes the undertaking, which alone can give force to the rest, that whoever refuses to obey the general will shall be compelled to do so by the whole body. This means nothing less than that he will be forced to be free; for this is the condition which, by giving each citizen to his country, secures him against all personal dependence. In this lies the key to the working of the political machine; this alone legitimises civil undertakings, which, without it, would be absurd, tyrannical, and liable to the most frightful abuses.” ~Rousseau Du Contrat Sociale

21. What it means
Rousseau’s concept of the Social contract differs from both Hobbes and Locke. He argues that the social contract should be something of a “general will”. This general will may be contrary to their individual decisions, but ultimately they wish to seek unity and harmony in the world and promote the best for the society. Rousseau’s method of social contract is one that preaches a unanimous social contract rather than one only supported by the majority.

22. Group Activity (20 min) 20 minutes
Your group will be assigned a philosopher (either Hobbes or Locke).
On a piece of butcher paper, you will summarize the authors view of:
The State of Nature
The Social Contract
The role of government
I will choose one group to present their findings to the class
Remember to include textual references

23. Exit ticket
Choose the ONE social contract theory (Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau) that you think best applies to your understanding of the US government.
Make sure to cite evidence from the readings, lecture, and personal experience to justify your answer