1. The Distribution of Permeable Zones Within the Ogallala in the Southwest Kansas Groundwater Management District 3 PRESENTED BY P. ALLEN MACFARLANE and NICHOLAS SCHNEIDER GEOHYDROLOGY SECTION KANSAS GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

2. Saturated Thickness: The Key to Assessment of Regional Aquifer Conditions

3. Practical Saturated Thickness (PST): A Better Measure of Ground-Water Availability Definition: The saturated portion of a heterogeneous aquifer that yields water to pumping wells at significant rates. Silt/clay Water Table Land Surface Well Bedrock Saturated Thickness Practical Saturated Thickness

4. Research Objectives Update the bedrock surface elevation map using the data generated from drilling since about 1980. Use drillers’ logs of test holes and holes drilled for production wells to analyze in 2-D and 3-D the distribution of permeable, water-yielding zones.

5. Setting Arkansas R. Cimarron R. Study Area

6. “…a heterogeneous complex of clastic deposits.” “Throughout this heterogeneous assortment of sediments there is virtually no distinctive bed that can be traced appreciable distances in the field.” Frye et al. (1956) Lithologies & Their Distribution

7. Data Point Type & Distribution

8. Methodology for Determining Permeable Fraction Distribution Interpretation of the drillers’ logs. Evaluation and selection of the drillers’ logs. Database development using Excel for input into RockWorks® 2004. Production of 2-D and 3-D images using ARC-GIS & RockWorks® 2004. Georeferencing and well-site surface elevation.

9. Methodology Issues Non uniformity in the drillers’ use of terminology. Amount of detail in the log. Reported well-log location accuracy. Lack of subsurface stratigraphic control.

10. Permeable Fraction Calculation

11. Aggregate Water-yielding Fraction Distribution 52% N = 7,317 Permeable Sediment Percentage of Total Thickness

12. Subregional & Local Study Areas Strip Subregion Central GMD3 Subregion NE Haskell Area

13. Northeast Haskell Index Well & Local Area 2,220 ft 2,260 2,300 2,340 2,380 2,420 2,460 2,500 2,540 2,580 2,620 NE Haskell Co. Well Bedrock Elevation

14. NE Haskell Local Area NE Haskell Co. Well 0 400 ft NW SE Permeable Fraction

15. NE Haskell Local Area 0 400 ft NE Haskell Co. Well NE SW Permeable Fraction

16. The Central GMD 3 Subregion Water-yielding Fraction a. b. c. d.e. N

17. The Strip Subregion Water-yielding Fraction

18. Closest point, smoothed Closest point, unsmoothed with high fidelity The Strip Subregion - Model Comparisons

19. 2006 Saturated Water-Yielding Zone Fraction

20. What Do These Visualizations Tell Us About the Distribution & Continuity of Permeable Units in the Cenozoic Deposits in GMD 3? Laterally and vertically continuous high permeability pathways and confining layers can be discerned at local to subregional scales using the interval data from the drillers’ logs. In general, the valleys incised into bedrock are as likely to be filled with higher-percentage, water-yielding sediment as they are to be filled with moderate to lower percentage, water- yielding sediment. On the whole only about half of the Cenozoic sequence consists sediment capable of yielding or transmitting significant amounts of water to high-capacity wells in GMD 3. At subregional and regional scales, the sequence generally contains a higher percentage of water-yielding sediment in central part of the GMD than in the eastern part.