1. Cell Biology Robert Hooke, and his drawing of cells Van Leeuwenhoek and his microscope Schleiden and Schwann

2. Cell Biology I.Overview A. Types of Cells 1. Prokaryotic Cells (eubacteria and archaea) - no nucleus - no organelles - binary fission - small (0.2 – 2.0 um)

3. Cell Biology I.Overview A. Types of Cells 1. Prokaryotic Cells - biofilms Staphyloccocus aureus biofilm

4. Cell Biology I.Overview A. Types of Cells 1. Prokaryotic Cells 2. Eukaryotic Cells (protists, plants, fungi, animals) - nucleus - organelles - mitosis - larger (10-100 um)

5. Cell Biology I.Overview A. Types of Cells 1. Prokaryotic Cells 2. Eukaryotic Cells B. How Cells Live - take stuff in

6. Cell Biology I.Overview A. Types of Cells 1. Prokaryotic Cells 2. Eukaryotic Cells B. How Cells Live - take stuff in - break it down and harvest energy (enzymes needed) ADP +PATP mitochondria

7. Cell Biology I.Overview A. Types of Cells 1. Prokaryotic Cells 2. Eukaryotic Cells B. How Cells Live - take stuff in - break it down and harvest energy (enzymes needed) and - transform radiant energy to chemical energy ADP +PATP mitochondria ADP +PATP chloroplast

8. Cell Biology I.Overview A. Types of Cells 1. Prokaryotic Cells 2. Eukaryotic Cells B. How Cells Live - take stuff in - break it down and harvest energy (enzymes needed) - use energy to make stuff (like enzymes and other proteins, and lipids, polysaccharides, and nucleic acids) - DNA determines sequence of amino acids in enzymes and other proteins ADP +PATP ribosome

9. ADP +PATP ribosome

10. Cell Biology I.Overview II. Membranes – How Things Get in and Out of Cells A. Membrane Structure 1. phospholipids

11. Cell Biology I.Overview II. Membranes – How Things Get in and Out of Cells A. Membrane Structure 2. proteins and carbohydrates

12. Cell Biology I.Overview II. Membranes – How Things Get in and Out of Cells A. Membrane Structure B. Membrane Function 1. semi-permeable barrier Aqueous Solution (inside cell) dissolved ions dissolved polar molecules suspended non-polar (lipid soluble) Aqueous Solution (outside cell) dissolved ions dissolved polar molecules suspended non-polar (lipid soluble)

13. Cell Biology I.Overview II. Membranes – How Things Get in and Out of Cells A. Membrane Structure B. Membrane Function 1. semi-permeable barrier 2. transport Net diffusion equilibrium

14. Cell Biology I.Overview II. Membranes – How Things Get in and Out of Cells A. Membrane Structure B. Membrane Function 1. semi-permeable barrier 2. transport - diffusion Net diffusion equilibrium Net diffusion Equilibrium Net diffusion Equilibrium

15. Cell Biology I.Overview II. Membranes – How Things Get in and Out of Cells A. Membrane Structure B. Membrane Function 1. semi-permeable barrier 2. transport - osmosis

16. Cell Biology I.Overview II. Membranes – How Things Get in and Out of Cells A. Membrane Structure B. Membrane Function 1. semi-permeable barrier 2. transport – facilitated diffusion

17. Cell Biology I.Overview II. Membranes – How Things Get in and Out of Cells A. Membrane Structure B. Membrane Function 1. semi-permeable barrier 2. transport – active transport

18. Cytoplasmic Na + bonds to the sodium-potassium pump Na + binding stimulates phosphorylation by ATP. Phosphorylation causes the protein to change its conformation, expelling Na + to the outside. Extracellular K + binds to the protein, triggering release of the phosphate group. Loss of the phosphate restores the protein’s original conformation. K + is released and Na + sites are receptive again; the cycle repeats.

19. Cell Biology I.Overview II. Membranes – How Things Get in and Out of Cells A. Membrane Structure B. Membrane Function 1. semi-permeable barrier 2. transport 3. metabolism (enzymes nested in membrane) 4. signal transduction

20. Cell Biology I.Overview II. Membranes – How Things Get in and Out of Cells A. Membrane Structure B. Membrane Function 1. semi-permeable barrier 2. transport 3. metabolism (enzymes nested in membrane) 4. signal transduction 5. cell-cell binding 6. cell recognition 7. cytoskeleton attachment

21. Study Questions: 1. List three differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. 2. What is a biofilm? 3. Describe the function of mitochondria, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and liposomes. 4. Why is the lipid bilayer a barrier to water soluble molecules? 5. Describe diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and active transport. 6. How does solute concentration and pressure affect water potential and osmosis.