1. Communicating for Results 9e 12 Key Ideas Researching presentations Using supporting materials Improving delivery Informative Presentations 1 Copyright Cengage © 2011

2. Consider this... In every company and organization there is a critical shortage of good presenters. If you learn to do well what most do poorly, your success will be faster and further In every company and organization there is a critical shortage of good presenters. If you learn to do well what most do poorly, your success will be faster and further. Copyright Cengage © 20112 Peoples, Presentations Plus, Wiley, 1996, p. viii

3. Operation Tailwind Report  Read or describe the case study  Answer the following questions:  What caused reporters to let their biases disregard their research  How could CNN ensure accuracy and credibility in future stories?  What lessons can public speakers learn from this. 3Copyright Cengage © 2011 CNN Case Study CNN Case Study

4. Researching the topic Topic Databases/Internet Printed Materials Personal Experience Interviews 4Copyright Cengage © 2011

5. Printed Materials  Brochures & pamphlets  Books  Magazines & journals  Dictionaries & encyclopedias  Newspapers  Quotation books  Yearbooks 5Copyright Cengage © 2011

6. Licensed electronic databases  Communication & Mass Media Complete  Opposing Viewpoints Resource Center  InfoTrac College Edition  EBSCOHost  ProQuest Geri Engberg Photographyv 6Copyright Cengage © 2011

7. Internet research  Not all web information is authoritative  Know where to look or end up wasting time  Many valuable resources not available online Steve Dunwell/The Image/Getty Images 7Copyright Cengage © 2011

8. Before Going Online  Prepare rough draft of speech  Consult library for info and key words  Search one or more commercial databases © Jason Harris 8Copyright Cengage © 2011

9. Too Many Hits?  Avoid the Boolean operator “ OR”  Use phrases (enclose titles, common phrases, procedures, or names in quotation marks)  Add words using “+” or “ AND ”  Exclude words or phrases by using “–” or “ NOT ” To narrow your search... 9Copyright Cengage © 2011

10.  Avoid “ s,” “ ing,” or “ ed ” on search words  Change full names to initials and vice versa  Check spelling and keywords  Use alternative keywords  Use wildcards  Use fewer search words  Connect words with “ OR” Too Few Hits? © Jason Harris 10Copyright Cengage © 2011

11. Search tips  Search using Boolean Operators  Validate internet sources  Id the author a qualified expert in the field?  If the information objective?  Is the information accurate  Search more than one website  Avoid Plagerism Copyright Cengage © 201111

12. Searching more than one site  Broad complex subjects  Use search engine that uses a hierarchical index  Most popular is Yahoo  Specific subjects  Use standard search engine (e.g. Alta vista )  Use Alternative search engines (e.g. Google )  Very specific part of the web use Vertical search engines  Many sites as possible use Metasearch engine Copyright Cengage © 201112

13. Personal Interviews  Select & contact interviewee  Plan interview using:  Introduction  Body (with open-ended questions)  Conclusion  Use results with care Geri Engberg Photography 13Copyright Cengage © 2011

14. Verbal Supporting Material  Clarification  Proof  Interest The three purposes include... Want your speech to be interesting, clear, and convincing? Use supports! © Jason Harris 14Copyright Cengage © 2011

15. Types of verbal supports  Explanations  Comparisons  Illustrations  Examples  Statistics  Expert opinions Copyright Cengage © 201115

16. Explanations  Specific but brief  Used for clarification not proof  Generally used too often Copyright Cengage © 201116

17. Comparisons  Types of comparisons  Literal – shows similarities and differences between same class of items  Figurative – similarities and differences between different classes or categories of items  Tips on using comparisons  Fit audience frame of reference  Easy way to add interest  Used to clarify ideas Copyright Cengage © 201117

18. Illustrations  Types of illustrations  Factual  Hypothetical  Tips on using illustrations  Make them detailed and vivid  Clearly related to the point you are making  If factual they clarify and provide proof  Use in the introduction to get attention  Hypothetical illustrations clarify Copyright Cengage © 201118

19. Examples  Brief references to specific items or events  May contain little or a few facts  Used for clarification and proof  Adds additional proof to factual illustrations Copyright Cengage © 201119

20. Statistics  Figures used to show relationships between items  Meaningful when related to listeners’ interest and knowledge  Use sparingly Copyright Cengage © 201120

21. Statistics  Use graphs to make them easy to understand  Round off  Cite source and source qualifications  Used for clarification and proof Copyright Cengage © 201121

22. Expert opinion  May be paraphrased or quoted  Keep brief  Used for clarification and proof  Quote as though expert were speaking  Include name and qualifications of expert  Follow with explanation when possible Copyright Cengage © 201122

23. Improving delivery  Improving nonverbal delivery  Improving vocal delivery  Delivery and language Copyright Cengage © 201123

24.  Look directly at listeners  Appear relaxed  Appear enthusiastic  Appear natural  Smile  Use gestures Nonverbal Delivery Suze Orman 2003 Laura Farr/ZUMA Press 24Copyright Cengage © 2011

25. Vocal Delivery  Volume – loudness & softness of voice  Pitch – highness & lowness of tones – s  Emphasis – stressing a word with your voice  Rate – fastness and slowness of speech Stewart Cohen/Getty Images 25Copyright Cengage © 2011

26. Vocal Emphasis  Why did you fire him? Stress only the words in red... 26Copyright Cengage © 2011

27. Rate  How fast or how slow you speak  Important to maintaining listener attention  Slower rate used for emphasis  Faster rate used to build excitement  Pause after important phrases or ideas Copyright Cengage © 201127

28. Delivery and language  Effective language use  Vivid – paints a picture  Specific – gives details  Simple – easy to understand  Use stylistic devices for impact Copyright Cengage © 201128

29. Fairly informal Vivid Specific Simple Jargon-free Improving Delivery Use language that is... © Peter Chapman

30. Stylistic devices  Alliteration  Assonance  Antithesis  Simile  Metaphor  Onomatopoeia  Repetition  Parallelism  Hyperbole  Personification Copyright Cengage © 201130

31. Maintaining confident delivery  Nervousness is normal  If all else fails, fake confidence!  Don’t call attention to errors  Never apologize Copyright Cengage © 201131

32. Communicating for Results 9e 12 Key Ideas Researching presentations Using supporting materials Improving delivery Informative Presentations 32 Copyright Cengage © 2011