1. Personality Disorders Cluster A (Odd-Eccentric Cluster) Paranoid Personality Disorder Schizoid Personality Disorder Cluster B (Dramatic-Impulsive Cluster) Antisocial Personality Disorder Borderline Personality Disorder Narcissistic Personality Disorder Cluster C (Anxious-Fearful Cluster) Avoidant Personality Disorder Dependent Personality Disorder Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder

2. Personality Disorders Defined  Maladaptive personality styles  Developed early in life and are very resistant to change.  They become styles of life including extreme and rigid personality traits that involve odd or eccentric behaviors, dramatic and impulsive behavior or fearful or anxious behavior.  Generally people with personality disorders do not think they have a problem but often create problems for others!

3. Personality Disorders Defined  “an enduring pattern of inner experience and behavior that deviates markedly from the expectations of the culture of the individual who exhibits it” APA  They are inflexible and pervasive across many situations  This is due in large part to the fact that such behavior is egosyntonic (the symptoms are part of who you are, they are who you are meant to be and are perceived as appropriate by you.) egosyntonic

4. Personality Disorders  Axis II Personality Disorders and Mental Retardation  Diagnosed separately from Major Mental Disorders on Axis I  Designed so consideration can be given to prevailing personality patterns, which may be less obvious than Axis I disorders

5. Personality Disorders  Personality patterns Maladaptive Inflexible Pervasive Enduring Deviant Cause significant distress or impairment

6. Personality Disorders A. An enduring pattern of inner experience and behavior that deviates markedly from the expectations of the individual’s culture. This pattern is manifested in two (or more) of the following areas: 1. Cognition (ways of perceiving the self, others, and events) 2. Affect (range, intensity, lability, and appropriateness of affect) 3. Interpersonal Functioning 4. Impulse Control B. The enduring pattern is inflexible and pervasive across a broad range of personal and social situations

7. Personality Disorders C. The enduring pattern leads to significant distress or impairment in functioning D. The pattern is stable and of long duration, and its onset can be traced back at least to adolescence or early adulthood E. Not better accounted for by another mental disorder F. Not due to a GMC or substance

8. Clusters  Cluster A Paranoid Personality Disorder Schizoid Personality Disorder Schizotypal Personality Disorder  Cluster B Antisocial Personality Disorder Borderline Personality Disorder Histrionic Personality Disorder Narcissistic Personality Disorder  Cluster C Avoidant Personality Disorder Dependent Personality Disorder Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder

9. Cluster A - remain aloof, distrustful and shield themselves from the anxieties of interpersonal intimacy.  Odd, eccentric ways of thinking or behaving  Paranoid Personality Disorder Pervasive distrust and suspiciousness of others such that their motives are interpreted as malevolent  Schizoid Personality Disorder Pattern of detachment from social relationships and a restricted range of expression of emotions in interpersonal settings, beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts  Schizotypal Personality Disorder Pattern of social and interpersonal deficits marked by acute discomfort with, and reduced capacity for, close relationships as well as by cognitive or perceptual distortions and eccentricities of behavior

10. Cluster B  Dramatic, emotional, or erratic  Antisocial Personality Disorder Pervasive pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others  Borderline Personality Disorder Pervasion pattern of instability of interpersonal relationships, self-image, and affects, and marked impulsivity  Histrionic Personality Disorder Pervasive pattern of excessive emotionality and attention seeking, beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts  Narcissistic Personality Disorder Pervasive pattern of grandiosity, need for admiration, and lack of empathy

11. Conduct Disorder A. A repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior in which the basic rights of others or major age-appropriate societal norms or rules are violated (see next slides) B. The disturbance in behavior causes significant impairment in functioning C. If the individual is 18 years or older, criteria are not met for Antisocial Personality Disorder

12. Conduct Disorder A (continued). Three or more of the following criteria in the past 12 months and at least one in the past 6 months: Aggression to people and animals 1. Often bullies, threatens, or intimidates others 2. Often initiates physical fights 3. Has used a weapon that can cause serious physical harm to others 4. Has been physically cruel to people 5. Has been physically cruel to animals 6. Has stolen while confronting a victim 7. Has forced someone into sexual activity

13. Conduct Disorder Destruction of property 8. Has deliberately engaged in fire setting with the intention of causing serious damage 9. Has deliberately destroyed others’ property (other than arson) Deceitfulness or theft 10. Has broken into someone else’s house, building, or car 11. Often lies to obtain goods or favors or to avoid obligations 12. Has stolen items of nontrivial value without confronting a victim

14. Conduct Disorder Serious violation of rules 13. Often stays out at night despite parental prohibitions, beginning before age 13 14. Has run away from home overnight at least twice while living in parental or parental surrogate home 15. Is often truant from school, beginning before age 13

15. Cluster C - efforts to control anxiety about social rejection.  Anxious or fearful  Avoidant Personality Disorder Pervasive pattern of social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, and hypersensitivity to negative evaluation  Dependent Personality Disorder Pervasive and excessive need to be taken care of that leads to submissive and clinging behavior and fears of separation  Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder Pervasive pattern of preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, and mental and interpersonal control, at the expense of flexibility, openness, and efficiency