1. Antisocial Personality Disorder and Psychopathy

2. DSM-IV Criteria for ASPD Must be at least 18 years old Three or more of the following: –Conduct disorder before the age of 15 –Disregard for the rights of others –Impulsive, irresponsible behavior –Deceitfulness –Irritability and aggressiveness –Reckless disregard for the safety of others –Lack of remorse –Low tolerance for frustration and boredom

3. Prevalence of ASPD 3.6% in general population 5.5% in men 1.9% in women

4. Negative Outcomes Criminality Domestic partner violence Suicidality Substance Use Disorders –Most common comorbid disorder –Greater severity of impairment –Poor treatment outcomes –Higher levels of needle drug use

5. ASPD and Psychopathy Psychopathy –Factor 1: affective interpersonal component –Factor 2: antisocial component Farrington Chapter –Cambridge Study: The two factors related differentially to convictions and ASPD criteria –Predictors of psychopathy similar to that of ASPD

6. Psychopathy DSM-IV equates psychopathy and ASPD ASPD research has focused on behavioral features Psychopathy research has focused on emotional features

7. Family Factors Childrearing Abuse Parental conflict/disrupted families Large family size Criminal or antisocial parents or siblings Other characteristics of parents –Young age –Substance abuse –Stress or depression –SES factors

8. Environemental Factors Delinquent peers Schools –Those with high rates of delinquency Inconsistent rule enforcement Lack of commitment by staff, teachers Neighborhoods

9. Other Risk Factors Predictors of psychopathy at age 48 –Low non-verbal IQ –Low verbal IQ –High risk-taking –Poor concentration or restlessness –High impulsivity on psychomotor tests

10. Biopsychosocial Interactions and Protective Factors Multiple risk factors often exist for any individual and have multiplicative interaction effects However sometimes protective effects may offset this

11. Lahey, 2005 Background –Childhood CD behaviors are significant predictors of adulthood ASPD –However many boys with CD do not develop ASPD Purpose: Determine greater specificity of risk for development of ASPD Hypothesis: Childhood CD is an independent predictor of adult APD in males, but childhood ADHD does not predict later APD when controlling for CD and ODD.

12. Results (Lahey, 2005) Childhood Characteristics predicting adult ASPD –Race –Total family income –Maternal education –SES –CD Symptoms –ODD Symptoms –Maternal ASPD, not Paternal Regression analyses –CD and low SES –Engagement in covert behaviors CD and ADHD did not predict later ASPD –Most boys with CD had ADHD –However not all boys with ADHD had CD

13. Psychopathy Research Consistent finding of lack of emotionality in response to aversive events –Startle-elicited blink response –Aversive noise blast paradigms Callous and unemotional traits responsible for these findings

14. ASPD and Psychopathy Most psychopaths would qualify as having ASPD, but not all individuals with ASPD are psychopaths All serial killers would probably qualify as psychopaths, but not all psychopaths are serial killers