2.  “continued involvement with a substance or activity despite its ongoing negative consequences”Donatelle, 2011. pg 192  Classified by APA as a mental disorder  Addictive behaviours produce a sense of pleasure and stability where the individual needs to consume the substance or take part in the behaviour to feel normal

3.  "a primary, chronic disease of brain reward, motivation, memory and related circuitry.“  The American society of Addiction Medicine  (August 16, 2011). Addiction is a brain disease, experts declare Los Angeles Times Accessed August 26, 2011. ^ The Definition of Addiction American Society of Addiction Medicine. Accessed August 26, 2011.Addiction is a brain disease, experts declareLos Angeles Times^The Definition of AddictionAmerican Society of Addiction Medicine

4. 1. Compulsion / obsession 2. Loss of control 3. Negative consequences 4. Denial

5.  Physiological dependence  Tolerance  Withdrawal  Psychological dependence

6.  Drug Addictions ◦ Alcohol ◦ Tobacco ◦ Cannabis  Behavioural Addictions ◦ Gambling ◦ Pornography ◦ Food ◦ Shopping ◦ Technologies

7.  Compulsive gambling  Compulsive spenders  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zBynYcy4 KPY&feature=related http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zBynYcy4 KPY&feature=related  Exercise addiction ◦ Muscle dysmorphia ◦ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VCVM8gYb5ag http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VCVM8gYb5ag

8.  Between 10,000 and 60,000 of adults have gambling problems in New Zealand.  10,000 NZ’ers engaged in illegal activities because of their gambling.  Over 74,000 NZer’s suffer from inferior mental health because of gambling.  10% of the adult population are regular gamblers  1 in 6 NZ’ers say a family member has gone without something they needed or a bill has gone unpaid because of gambling.

9.  Pokie machines are the most harmful form of gambling in NZ  A 2009 Ministry of Health study shows that pokie machines are concentrated in the most vulnerable communities.  The social costs of gambling are out of proportion to the numbers of problem gamblers  Every person with a gambling problem affects 5-10 other people

10.  Technology addictions ◦ Facebook ◦ cell phone ◦ Gaming ◦ Disregard for health, sleep, study, work, social relationships ◦ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fEkqBPdcCNE http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fEkqBPdcCNE

11.  Food addiction can also include eating disorders such as anorexia, bulimia, and binge eating disorder which include extreme emotions, attitudes, and behaviors surrounding weight and food issues. Eating disorders and food addiction are serious emotional and physical problems that can have life-threatening consequences for females and males. 

12.  Misuse = using a drug for a purpose for which it wasn’t intended  Abuse = excessive use of a drug

13.  Human need to alter our consciousness or mental state  Need to escape the normal  Drugs physical resembele the chemicals produced naturally within the body

14.  Brain wired for pleasure  All addictive drugs activate the brain’s pleasure circuit  Psychoactive drugs alter the chemical neurotransmission – enagnacing or suppressing

15.  Prescription  OTC Drugs  Recreational Drugs  Herbal preparations  Illicit / illegal drugs 

16.  Oral ingestion – reaches the bloodstream in 30 mins  Inhalation – sniffing, smoking  Injection – IV the fastest route – takes seconds  Topically – on the skin e.g. nicotine patch

17.  The prevalence of having used drugs for recreational purposes in the last 12 months was highest for the following drugs:  cannabis (14.6%)  BZP party pills (5.6%)  ecstasy (2.6%)  amphetamines (2.1%)  LSD and other synthetic hallucinogens (1.3%). MOH, 2010

18.  Cocaine  Amphetamines  Methamphetamine  Caffeine  marijuana

19.  Alcohol  Opioids  Benzodiazepines & barbiturates  GHB  Hallucinogens  Inhalants  Anabolic steroids

20.  Harm reduction Strategies  Capri Trust ◦ Residential support ◦ 12 step support group ◦ Medical detoxification  Addictions Treatment Auckland ◦ Psychotherapy ◦ Counselling

21.  Talk about your concerns with a drug and alcohol professional, other concerned family members, or friends.  Find out what resources and support services are available.   Choose an appropriate time to talk with the person concerned and explain how you feel about what is going on.  Negotiate a set of guidelines for their behaviour with agreed consequences if the guidelines are broken. .

22.  Support and encourage positive behaviour.  Look after yourself – don’t allow yourself to become  overburdened by the person’s problem.  Ensure the physical safety of yourself and any children involved

23.  DARE - Drug Abuse Resistance Education DARE - Drug Abuse Resistance Education  FADE - Foundation for Alcohol and Drug Education FADE - Foundation for Alcohol and Drug Education  New Zealand Drug Foundation New Zealand Drug Foundation ◦ alcohol drug helpline 0800 787 797 gambling helpline 0800 654 655 alcohol drug helpline 0800 787 797 gambling helpline 0800 654 655  www.adanz.org.nz www.adanz.org.nz