1. Whole numbers: How to Dissect and Solve word problems
Chapter One
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
Copyright © 2014 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

2. Learning unit objectives
LU 1-1: Reading, Writing, and Rounding Whole Numbers
Use place values to read and write numeric and verbal whole numbers.
Round whole numbers to the indicated position.
Use blueprint aid for dissecting and solving a word problem.
LU 1-2: Adding and Subtracting Whole Numbers
Add whole numbers; check and estimate addition computations.
Subtract whole numbers; check and estimate subtraction computations.
LU 1-3: Multiplying and Dividing Whole Numbers
Multiply whole numbers; check and estimate multiplication computations.
Divide whole numbers; check and estimate computations.
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3. Whole Number place-value chart
1,605,743,891,412 displayed on the Whole Number Group Chart:
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4. Writing numeric and verbal whole numbers
1,605,743,891,412 verbalized:
One trillion, six hundred five billion, seven hundred forty-three million, eight hundred ninety-one thousand, four hundred twelve
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5. Converting parts to a regular whole number
Convert 2.3 million to a
regular whole number.
Step 1. Drop the decimal point and insert a comma.
2,3
2,300,000
Step 2. Add zeros so the left most digit ends in the word name of the amount you want to convert. Be sure to add commas as needed.
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6. Rounding Whole Numbers
Step 1. Identify the place value of the digit you want to round.
9362
Step 2. Identify the digit to the right.
9362
If 5 or more, increase the identified digit by 1, if less than 5 do not change.
9462
9400
Step 3. Drop all digits to the right of the digit you want to round.
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7. Step 3. Change all other digits to zero.
Rounding all the way
Step 1. Identify the left most digit
Step 2. Identify the digit to the right
If 5 or more, increase the left-most digit by 1; if less than 5, do not change.
7843
8000
Step 3. Change all other digits to zero.
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8. How to Dissect and Solve a Word Problem
Organization and persistence
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9. General Problem-Solving Procedure
Step 1. State the problem(s).
Step 2. Decide on the best method(s) to solve the problem(s).
Step 3. Does the solution make sense?
Step 4. Evaluate results.
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10. How to Dissect and Solve a Word Problem
Tootsie Roll Industries’ sales reached one hundred ninety-four million dollars and a record profit of twenty-two million, five hundred fifty-six thousand dollars. Round the sales and profit figures all the way.
Sales: One hundred ninety-four million dollars >$194,000, > $200,000,000
Profit: Twenty-two million, five hundred fifty-six thousand dollars > $22,556, > $20,000,000
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11. Adding Whole Numbers 3 Steps
Example
1,362
5,913
8,924
6,594
22,793
3 Steps
1. Align the numbers according to their place values.
2. Add the units column. Write the sum below the column. If the sum is more than 9, write the units digit and carry the tens digit.
3. Moving to the left, repeat Step 2 until all place values are added.
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12. Alternative check
1,362
5,913
8,924
6,594
Add each column as a separate total and then combine. The end result is the same.
Ones Column
Tens Column
Hundreds Column
Thousands Column
22,793
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13. Estimate Addition by Rounding All the Way
Example
2 1 1
1,362
5,913
8,924
6,594
22,793
Example
1,000
6,000
9,000
7,000
23,000
*Final answer could have more than one non-zero since total is not rounded all the way.
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14. Subtracting Whole Numbers
Example
130 (Minuend)
(Subtrahend)
70 Difference
2. Begin the subtraction with the units digits. Write the difference below the column. If the units digit in the minuend is smaller than the digit in the subtrahend, borrow 1 from the tens digit in the minuend.
3 Steps
1. Align the minuend and subtrahend by place values.
Check 70
+60
130
3. Moving to the left, repeat Step 2 until all place values in the subtrahend are subtracted.
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15. Multiplication of Whole Numbers
Example
418 (Multiplicand)
x 52 (Multiplier)
4 Steps
1. Align the multiplicand and multiplier at the right.
2. Multiply the right digit of the multiplier with the right digit of the multiplicand. Keep multiplying as you move left through the multiplicand.
836
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16. Multiplication of Whole Numbers
3. Your partial product right digit or first digit is placed directly below the digit in the multiplier that you used to multiply.
2,090 (Partial Product)
21,736 (Product)
4. Continue steps 2 and 3 until the multiplication process is complete. Add the partial products to get the final product.
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17. Checking and Estimating Multiplication52
x 418
416
20 8
21,736
Check the multiplication process by reversing the multiplicand and multiplier and then multiplying.
Estimate 50 x
20,000
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18. Multiplication Shortcut with Numbers Ending in Zero
2. Count the number of zeros in the multiplicand and multiplier. (4)
Example
65000 (3 zeros)
x 420 (1 zero)
(4 zeros)
3 Steps
1. When zeros are at the end of the multiplicand or the multiplier, or both, disregard the zeros and multiply.
3. Attach the number of zeros counted in Step 2 to your answer.
Solution 65
x 42
130
260
27,300,000
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19. Multiplying a Whole Number by a Power of 10
2 Steps
99 x 10
99 x 100
99 x 1,000
1. Count the number of zeros in the power of 10.
2. Attach that number of zeros to the right side of the other whole number to obtain the answer. Insert commas as needed.
= 990 = 990 <----Add 1 Zero
= 9,900 = 9,900 <----Add 2 Zero
= 99,000 = 99,000 <----Add 3 Zero
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20. Division of Whole Numbers
Count how many times one number (Divisor) is contained in another number (Dividend). The result is the Quotient.
Example
Divisor
Quotient
Dividend 1 15
120 8
120
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21. Division of Whole Numbers
Example 7 169
Divisor
Quotient
Dividend 2 14 29
4 R 1 28 1
Count how many times one number (Divisor) is contained in another number (Dividend). The result is the Quotient.
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22. Estimating and Checking Division
138
x 36
828
4 14
4,968
+ 111
5,079
Example
36 R Quotient
Divisor Dividend
414
939
828
111
Estimate 50
,000
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23. Division Shortcut with Numbers Ending in Zeros
2 Steps
95,000 / ,000
95,000 / ,000
95,000 / 1, ,000
1. Count the number of ending zeros in the divisor.
= 9,500 <----Drop 1 Zero
= 950 <----Drop 2 Zeros
= 95 <----Drop 3 Zeros
2. Drop the same number of zeros in the dividend as in the divisor, counting from right to left.
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