2. How do Macon County Children Enter the Child Welfare System? Macon/Piatt Counties Indicated reports FY 2010 SourceNumber Percent of total Law enforcement14833% Social services 8218% Medical 8018% Relative/neighbor 57 13% School personnel 45 10% “Other” 26 6% DCFS personnel 7 2% Child care centers41% Coroner/Medical exam 1 <1% 450100% Source: DCFS QA FY 2010

3. How do Macon Children Enter the Child Welfare System? Macon/Piatt Counties As shown above, law enforcement was the largest source of indicated reports in Macon County. Further, law enforcement reports overall were more likely to be indicated than reports from other sources. - 81% of reports from law enforcement were indicated in FY2010. - 59% of reports from social services were indicated. -49% of reports from medical personnel were indicated. Source: DCFS QA FY 2010

4. How do Piatt County Children Enter the Child Welfare System? Macon/Piatt Counties Indicated reports FY 2010 SourceNumber Percent of total Law enforcement 2147% School personnel716% DCFS personnel 511% Social services 49% Medical49% “Other”37% Relative/neighbor12% Child care centers-- Coroner/Medical exam-<1% 45100% Source: DCFS QA FY 2010

5. How do Piatt Children Enter the Child Welfare System? Macon/Piatt Counties As shown above, law enforcement was the largest source of indicated reports in Piatt County. DCFS reports were the most likely to be indicated (5 of 6 or 83%). Of the larger reporting sources, law enforcement reports were most likely to be indicated (21 of 37 or 57%) Source: DCFS QA FY 2010

6. What Types of Harm do Children Experience in Macon County? Macon/Piatt Counties Type N indicated% of total ABUSE Substantial risk of harm15823% Physical abuse56 8% Sexual abuse54 8% Emotional abuse91% NEGLECT Blatant disregard25236% Lack of supervision 8913% Environmental57 8% Lack of health 27 4% 702100% Source: DCFS QA FY 2010

7. What Types of Harm (Macon)…? Macon/Piatt Counties The most common harm to children is neglect/ blatant disregard for child’s welfare, representing 36% of all indicated reports. The second most common is abuse/substantial risk of harm (23%), followed by neglect/lack of supervision (13%). Sexual abuse per se accounts for 8% of indicated cases. However, when this is combined with substantial risk of sexual injury, then 20% of cases relate to sexual harm to children. Source: DCFS QA FY 2010

8. What Types of Harm do Children Experience in Piatt County? Macon/Piatt Counties Type N indicated% of total ABUSE Substantial risk of harm1423% Physical abuse23% Sexual abuse712% Emotional abuse0 NEGLECT Blatant disregard2847% Lack of supervision915% Environmental0 Lack of health 0 60100% Source: DCFS QA FY 2010

9. What Types of Harm (Piatt) …? Macon/Piatt Counties By far the most common harm to children is neglect/ blatant disregard for child’s welfare, representing 47% of all indicated reports. The second most common is abuse/substantial risk of harm (23%), followed by neglect/lack of supervision (15%). Sexual abuse per se accounts for 12% of indicated cases. However, when this is combined with substantial risk of sexual injury, then 22% of cases relate to sexual harm to children. Source: DCFS QA FY 2010

10. Macon/Piatt Counties In 2010, 123 children and youth entered foster care in Macon County. Gender Female 49%Male 51% Race/Ethnicity African Amer. 44% White51% Hispanic 2% Unknown 3% 9 children entered care in Piatt County. There were too few children in care for gender and race breakdowns to be meaningful. Source: DCFS QA FY 2010 Who Entered Care in 2010?

11. Who is in Care? Macon/Piatt Counties At the close of FY10, 402 children were in out-of-home care in Macon County. This was a slight decrease from the previous year (410). Just 9 children were in care in Piatt county. Macon (N = 402)Piatt (N=9) Child Race White53% 78% African American46% 22% Hispanic *<1% 0% Unknown 1% 0% * There are on-going concerns about how Latino or Hispanic ethnicity is determined for DCFS clients. These percents are based on QA data.

12. Who is in Care? Macon/Piatt Counties GENDER Macon: 49% of youth are female, 51% male AGE 22% 2 or under 23% 3 - 5 19% 6 - 9 14% 10 - 13 18% 14 - 17 4% 18+ There are too few children in care to report these breakdowns for Piatt County. Source: DCFS QA 2010

13. What are the Permanency Goals for Youth in Care?* Macon/Piatt Counties Reunification15849% Adoption 10332% Guardianship 18 6% Independence 4113% 320100% Source: DCFS QA FY 2010 *This table excludes the children for whom data were missing or coded as “other”

14. Where are Children Placed in Macon County?* Macon/Piatt Counties - with kin (56%) -traditional foster care (29%) -specialized care (10%) -institution/group care (6%) There are too few children in care to report these breakdowns for Piatt County. * QA data combines foster and relative care, thus this information is from CFRC for FY09.

15. How was Permanency Achieved For Children in 2010? Macon/Piatt Counties 154 children in Macon County achieved permanency in FY10 Reunification11474% Adoption3321% Subsidized Guardianship7 5% 3 children in Piatt County achieved permanency in FY10, all through reunification. Source: DCFS QA FY 2010

16. How have Permanency Rates Changed over Time? Macon/Piatt Counties

17. How have 24 Month Permanency Rates Changed Over Time? Macon/Piatt Counties

18. What are the Permanency Trends in our County? Macon/Piatt Counties Over the last 5 years, Macon County has seen fluctuation in 12 month permanency, ranging from 33% for youth entering in 2005, to 22% for those entering in 2006. For the most recent data available, 24% of youth achieved permanency within 12 months of placement. 24 month permanency has fluctuated from 59% of children who entered care in 2003 to 38% of children who entered care in 2006. The most recent data shows 54% of those who entered care in 2007 exited by 2009. There are too few children in care in Piatt County to meaningfully track permanency outcomes Source: CFRC 2009. [Such data are not yet available from QA]

19. Disproportionality and Disparity in our Action Team Area Macon/Piatt Counties Disproportionality is when the percentage of a group of children in a population is different from the percentage of the same group in the child welfare system. For example, if 25% of the children in a county were African American, then 25% of those in foster care should be African American, all things being equal. That would be proportional. If these percents differ there is disproportionality. Disparity is unequal treatment or outcomes when comparing children of color to non-minority children. For example, if Hispanic children are less likely to achieve permanency than white children then there are disparate outcomes by race/ethnicity.

20. Is There Disproportionality in Macon County? Macon/Piatt Counties YES. African American children continue to be overrepresented among children in care in our County. 24% of the child population is African American, compared to 46% of those in care. 74% of the child population is White, compared to 53% of those in care. 2% of the child population is Hispanic, compared to less than 1% in care. This over-representation of African American children has been the trend for many years. [There are too few children in care to report any breakdowns by race for Piatt County.] Source: 2009 population data come from CFRC, 2010 placement data from QA

21. Macon/Piatt Counties Disproportionality

22. Macon/Piatt Counties Disproportionality Over Time

23. Macon/Piatt Counties Are There Differences in Permanency Goals by Race?* YES African American White. Reunification79 58%7442% Adoption38 28%6436% Guardianship 1 1%17 10% Independence 18 13%23 13% 136100%178100% African American and White children differ in their permanency goals, with AA children more likely to have a goal of reunification and White children somewhat more likely to have a goal of adoption. *This table excludes children for whom permanency goals were missing or coded as “other”. Source: DCFS QA FY 2010

24. Is There Disparity in Permanency Achievement? Macon/Piatt Counties YES, but the difference is small and favors African American children. In FY10, 76 African American children and 77 white children achieved permanency. African American children were somewhat more likely to leave care overall than White children (African American 42% & White 36%) White youth and African American youth exited via reunification at the same rate (74%) African American youth were more likely than White youth to exit via guardianship (8% vs. 1%) White youth were more likely than African American youth to exit via adoption (25% vs. 18%) Source: DCFS QA FY 2010

25. Is There Disparity in Permanency Achievement Over Time? Macon/Piatt Counties

26. Is There Disparity in Permanency Achievement Over Time? Macon/Piatt Counties

27. What is the “Bottom Line” on Disproportionality? Macon/Piatt Counties Are African American children more likely to be reported as neglected / abused than White children in Macon County? YES Children in Macon County are reported at different rates, with African American children reported at higher rates than their numbers in the population would predict. In FY 10, AA children represented about 24% of the child population but 37% of the reported cases. Source: DCFS QA FY 2010

28. What is the “Bottom Line” on Disproportionality? Macon/Piatt Counties Once reported, are African American children more likely to be indicated than White children? NO In FY10 indications by race for African American and White children were equal. That is once reported, African American children and White children had equal likelihood of indication. In FY10 for each group, 39% were indicated. Source: DCFS QA FY 2010

29. Macon/Piatt Counties Once indicated do African American and White children enter care at similar rates? NO In FY10, African American children were more likely to enter care. 24% of African American children of those indicated entered care 19% of White children of those indicated entered care Source: DCFS QA FY 2010 What is the “Bottom Line” on Disparity?

30. Disparity Macon/Piatt Counties Are African American children less likely to have reunification as a goal than White children in FY10? NO African American children are much more likely to have a goal of reunification than White children (58% to 42%). White children are somewhat more likely to have a goal of adoption. Are African American children less likely to achieve permanency than White children? NO Of all children in care in FY10, a higher percent of African American children achieved permanency (42%) than did White children (36%) Source: DCFS QA FY 2010

31. Disparity Macon/Piatt Counties Do African American children achieve permanency differently from White children? NO 74% of African American and 74% of White children who achieved permanency did so through reunification in FY10. BUT White children were more likely to achieve permanency through adoption, African American children were more likely to achieve permanency through guardianship. Source: DCFS QA FY 2010

32. Disproportionality and Disparity: The Summary Macon/Piatt Counties African American children are reported at higher rates than White children in Macon County but they are not more likely to be indicated once reported. However, African American children are more likely to enter care once indicated. There are not clear trends in permanency achievement by 12 and 24 months – some years African American children fare better and some years White children do. Overall in FY10 African American children achieved permanency at higher rates than did White children. I.e. disproportionality is significant but, by the data examined here, disparity is less so. The only item where disparity was found was in risk of entering care once indicated.

33. On-going Questions for our Area Macon/Piatt Counties