1. Parity Generator and Checker

2. Parity bit
A parity bit is a bit that is added to ensure that the number of bits with the value one in a set of bits is even or odd.
Parity bits are used as the simplest form of error detecting code.

3. Parity bit

4. Types of parity bit There are two variants of parity bits
Even parity bit 
Odd parity bit

5. Even parity
When using even parity, the parity bit is set to 1 if the number of ones in a given set of bits (not including the parity bit) is odd, making the entire set of bits (including the parity bit) even.
Example of even parity is ,

6. Odd parity bit
When using odd parity, the parity bit is set to 1 if the number of ones in a given set of bits (not including the parity bit) is even, keeping the entire set of bits (including the parity bit) odd.
Example of Odd parity is ,

7. Odd and Even parity
An even parity bit will be set to "1" if the number of 1's + 1 is even
An odd parity bit will be set to "1" if the number of 1's +1 is odd.

8. 8 bits including parity bit
Parity bit table
7 bits of data
(number of 1s)
8 bits including parity bit
Even
Odd
(0)
(3)
(4)
(7)

9. Parity generator and checkers
Sender
Receiver
n-bit code
Parity
Generator
(n+1)-bit code
Checker
Error

10. Even parity generator and checker for 3-bit codesX Y Z P E

11. Solution Use 3-bit odd function to generate even parity bit
Use 4-bit odd function to check for errors in even parity codes
Operation: (X,Y,Z) = (0,0,1) gives (X,Y,Z,P) = (0,0,1,1) and E = 0
If Y changes from 0 to 1 between generator and checker, then E = 1 indicates an error

12. The End
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