1. Early Modern English Alphabet 1- Most EModE alphabet are like those of PDE. 2- “th” replaced “þ”. “Shakespearian Alphabet” Shakespeare’s plays from the First Folio do not use “y” in words like “ye”  “THE”. 3- As in ME, “v/u” are used interchangeably to represent both vowel and consonant. “v” is mostly used initially  “vnfashionable” “u” is used elsewhere  “proue” = “prove” This changed in the 17 th century and the modern distribution was developed. 4-“vv” is occasionally used for “w”  “vvhich”=“which”

2. Early Modern English Alphabet 5-“y”is sometimes used where we would have“i”in PDE  “poynt” = “point” “Shakespearian Alphabet” 6- “j” is rarely used except in Roman numerals  “vij” = “vii” = 7 7- “i” is used instead of “j”  “maiesticall”=“majestical” 8- “c” is generally used as in PDE but sometimes varies with “s”  “choise” = “choice” 9- Final PDE “-ic” appears as “-ick/-icke”  “physick”=“medicine”

3. Early Modern English Alphabet 10- “æ”and“œ”sometimes appear in EModE as a result of the adoption of Latin  “Æglogue”“Œconomie” “Shakespearian Alphabet” 11- “ph” is sometimes used where PDE has “f”  “phanaticall” = “fanatical” 12- “-ie” is used instead of PDE final “-y”  “ortagriphie”= “orthography” 13- Final “-e” is added by printers to justify the lines or as a decorative feature  “poore”=“poor” 14- “z” had an uncertain status in EModE. It remains uncertain in PDE “-ise/-ize”  “emphasize/emphasise”

4. Early Modern English Pronunciation EModE pronunciation can be confusing: PDE spelling can be used as evidence of its pronunciation Do not worry much about EModE pronunciation There was a wide range of accentual variation The language was in a state of instability

5. Early Modern English Pronunciation “VOWELS” Short vowels of late ME [ I, ɛ,a,,υ] were stable in EModE The vowel [] emerged as a distinct phoneme after EModE times, thus should not be distinguished from [υ] *Short Vowels: *Long Vowels: Most EModE long vowels were changed drastically. This change is called The Great Vowel Shift

6. Early Modern English The Great Vowel Shift

7. Early Modern English The Great Vowel Shift