1. Chapter 29 – How Plants Colonized Land

2. Evidence suggests land plants evolved from green algae Chapter 29 – How Plants Colonized Land Rose-shaped complexes for cellulose synthesis Peroxysome enzymes Structure of flagellated sperm Formation of a phragmoplast Genetic similarities.

3. Plants vs. Algae Chapter 29 – How Plants Colonized Land Ancestral alga red algae chlorophytes charophyceans embryophytes

4. Kingdom Plantae Chapter 29 – How Plants Colonized Land Ancestral alga red algae chlorophytes charophyceans embryophytes Kingdom Protista

5. Kingdom Streptophyta Chapter 29 – How Plants Colonized Land Ancestral alga red algae chlorophytes charophyceans embryophytes Kingdom Protista

6. Kingdom Viridiplantae Chapter 29 – How Plants Colonized Land Ancestral alga red algae chlorophytes charophyceans embryophytes Kingdom Protista

7. Kingdom Plantae. Chapter 29 – How Plants Colonized Land Ancestral alga red algae chlorophytes charophyceans embryophytes Kingdom Protista

8. Derived traits of plants Chapter 29 – How Plants Colonized Land Apical meristem (“growing tip”) Alternation of generations (sporophyte and gametophyte) Multicellular sporangia that produce walled spores Multicellular gametangia Multicellular, dependent embryos.

9. Alternation of generations. Chapter 29 – How Plants Colonized Land

10. Mosses and bryophytes are dominated by the gametophyte stage. Chapter 29 – How Plants Colonized Land gametophyte sporophyte

11. Mosses and bryophytes are dominated by the gametophyte stage. Chapter 29 – How Plants Colonized Land mother child

12. Sphagnum moss covers great expanses of land as peat bogs, playing an important role in the carbon cycle. Chapter 29 – How Plants Colonized Land

13. Sphagnum moss covers great expanses of land as peat bogs, playing an important role in the carbon cycle. Chapter 29 – How Plants Colonized Land

14. Sphagnum moss covers great expanses of land as peat bogs, playing an important role in the carbon cycle. Chapter 29 – How Plants Colonized Land

15. Seedless Vascular Plants. Club mosses Ferns Chapter 29 – How Plants Colonized Land

16. Ferns and other seedless vascular plants formed the first forests. Chapter 29 – How Plants Colonized Land

17. Vascular transport Roots Leaves Sporophylls Seeds. Chapter 29 – How Plants Colonized Land Evolutionary milestones:

18. Xylem carries water and minerals up Made from dead cells called thracheids Lignin is a tough carbohydrate that allows the plant to grow tall. Chapter 29 – How Plants Colonized Land Vascular Transport

19. Phloem carries down Chapter 29 – How Plants Colonized Land Vascular Transport Made from living tissue.

20. Absorb water and nutrients May have evolved from subterranean stems May have evolved once or several times. Chapter 29 – How Plants Colonized Land Roots

21. Leaves Chapter 29 – How Plants Colonized Land

22. Leaves Two kinds: microphylls and megaphylls. Chapter 29 – How Plants Colonized Land

23. Sporophylls Chapter 29 – How Plants Colonized Land

24. Sporophylls Sporophylls are modified leaves with sporangia Chapter 29 – How Plants Colonized Land

25. Sporophylls Sporophylls are modified leaves with sporangia Most seedless vascular plants make just one type of spore which develops into a bisexual gametophyte. Chapter 29 – How Plants Colonized Land.