1. A protist is any organism that is not a plant, an animal, a fungus, or a(an)
eukaryote.
prokaryote.
eubacterium.
archaebacterium. 1 2 3 4 5

2. Multicellular protists are grouped with unicellular protists because multicellular protists
do not resemble plants.
do not resemble animals.
do not resemble fungi.
are very similar to unicellular protists. 1 2 3 4 5

3. According to Lynn Margulis, eukaryotic cells may have evolved from
a symbiosis of several cells.
mitochondria that grew very large.
chloroplasts that grew very large.
plants, animals, and fungi. 1 2 3 4 5

4. Classifying a certain protist, such as Spirogyra, as a plantlike protist is problematic because
it is not clear how Spirogyra obtains nutrition.
Spirogyra forms long, threadlike colonies.
Spirogyra belongs in more than one group.
the category does not reflect Spirogyra’s evolutionary history. 1 2 3 4 5

5. In an amoeba, a small cavity within the cytoplasm that stores food is called a
gullet.
pseudopod.
food vacuole.
contractile vacuole. 1 2 3 4 5

6. To which phylum do amoebas, foraminiferans, and heliozoans belong?
sarcodines
ciliates
sporozoans
pseudopods 1 2 3 4 5

7. Zooflagellates may live in lakes and streams, where they
penetrate and live within cells of a host.
absorb food through their cell membrane.
feed by sweeping food particles into their gullet.
feed by surrounding their meal and taking it inside themselves. 1 2 3 4 5

8. Which structure of a paramecium is analogous to a “reserve copy” of all the cell’s genes?
the micronucleus
the gullet
the trichocysts
the macronucleus 1 2 3 4 5

9. The sporozoan Plasmodium causes the disease known as
African sleeping sickness.
amebic dysentery.
malaria.
algal bloom. 1 2 3 4 5

10. Which statement about malaria is true?
Not all strains can be treated, and there is no completely effective vaccine.
Many strains can be treated with modern drugs; however, there is no completely effective vaccine.
All strains can be treated with modern drugs, and there is an effective vaccine.
Malaria has been eradicated by control of the Anopheles mosquito. 1 2 3 4 5

11. African sleeping sickness amebic dysentery potato blight
Which of the following diseases does the animallike protist known as Entamoeba cause?
malaria
African sleeping sickness
amebic dysentery
potato blight 1 2 3 4 5

12. A person who comes down with malaria can infer that he or she contracted it from
contaminated water supplies.
infection by the animallike protist Giardia.
the bite of the Anopheles mosquito.
the bite of the tsetse fly. 1 2 3 4 5

13. Which substances allow algae to harvest and use the energy from sunlight?
cilium and fucoxanthin
chlorophyll and accessory pigments
phycobilin and flagellum
oogonium and antheridium 1 2 3 4 5

14. As sunlight passes through sea water, the sea water
absorbs large amounts of red and violet wavelengths.
reflects large amounts of red and violet wavelengths.
absorbs large amounts of blue wavelengths.
none of the above 1 2 3 4 5

15. What effect did the evolution of different forms of chlorophyll in algae have?
a decrease in the range of depths at which algae can live
an increase in the range of depths at which algae can live
no effect on the range of depths at which algae can live
a reduction in the photosynthetic capacity of algae 1 2 3 4 5

16. To which phylum of unicellular plantlike algae do the diatoms belong?
Euglenophyta
Bacillariophyta
Chrysophyta
Pyrrophyta 1 2 3 4 5

17. Euglenas have an intricate, folded cell membrane called a(an)
cell wall.
trichocyst.
eyespot.
pellicle. 1 2 3 4 5

18. Which of the statements is true about dinoflagellates?
They contain bright yellow pigments.
They can be both photosynthetic and heterotrophic.
Many species are luminescent.
They possess pillbox-shaped cell walls of silica. 1 2 3 4 5

19. What do the members of the phylum Pyrrophyta have in common with many of the members of the phylum Chrysophyta?
They have cell walls of cellulose.
They have cell walls of silica.
They have pellicles.
They can be both photosynthetic and heterotrophic. 1 2 3 4 5

20. A bloom is the clouding of water by sewage. an enormous mass of algae.
a symbiotic relationship between algae and coral.
none of the above 1 2 3 4 5

21. The population of small, photosynthetic organisms found near the surface of the ocean is called
chrysophytes.
pyrophytes.
phytoplankton.
diatoms. 1 2 3 4 5

22. Which organism would most likely be present in a water sample collected during a red tide?
Tridacna
Euglenophyta
Gonyaulax
diatoms 1 2 3 4 5

23. Which phylum causes the red tide that infects shellfish with a toxin?
Chrysophyta
Euglenophyta
Bacillariophyta
Pyrrophyta 1 2 3 4 5

24. An example of a multicellular green alga is
Ulva.
Chlamydomonas.
Volvox.
Fucus. 1 2 3 4 5

25. What characteristic of plants is shared by green algae?
cell wall composition
photosynthetic pigments
multicellularity
all of the above 1 2 3 4 5

26. Red algae lack flagella and
nuclei.
centrioles.
accessory pigments.
chlorophyll. 1 2 3 4 5

27. The phylum of multicellular algae most likely to be observed at great depths is
Chlorophyta.
Rhodophyta.
Phaeophyta.
none of the above 1 2 3 4 5

28. Many algae switch back and forth between diploid and haploid stages during their life cycle in a process known as
alternation of generations.
fusion of opposite mating types.
sexual reproduction.
asexual reproduction. 1 2 3 4 5

29. The green alga Chlamydomonas reproduces asexually by producing
gametophytes.
sporophytes.
zygotes.
zoospores. 1 2 3 4 5

30. In the life cycle of the green alga Ulva, one of the phases produces male and female gametes known as
sporophytes.
gametophytes.
spores.
zoospores. 1 2 3 4 5

31. An argument that does NOT support the classification of multicellular green algae as plants is that multicellular green algae
have highly specialized tissues.
live primarily in water.
display alternation of generations.
contain chlorophyll a, which makes them green. 1 2 3 4 5

32. Why are algae considered one of the most important groups of organisms on our planet?
They are rich in vitamin C.
They produce chemicals that are used to treat health problems.
They produce much of Earth’s oxygen through photosynthesis.
They produce chemicals that are used to make plastics, waxes, and paints. 1 2 3 4 5

33. Some products derived from algae include
drugs for stomach ulcers and high blood pressure.
thickeners for food.
chemicals in plastics, waxes, paints, and lubricants.
all of the above 1 2 3 4 5

34. Which of the following is algae’s most important contribution to humans?
as a source for industrial chemicals
as a source for medicinal drugs
as a photosynthesizer
as a direct food source for humans 1 2 3 4 5

35. Which of the following groups includes only funguslike protists?
cellular slime molds, brown algae, water molds
cellular slime molds, acellular slime molds, water molds
cellular slime molds, acellular slime molds, animallike protists
cellular slime molds, fungi, water molds 1 2 3 4 5

36. Funguslike protists get nutrients by
photosynthesis.
living as an animal parasite.
absorbing them from dead or decaying matter.
none of the above 1 2 3 4 5

37. Which type of protist is likely to be found in a damp, nutrient-rich environment?
a single-celled alga
an animallike protist
a funguslike protist
all of the above 1 2 3 4 5

38. The funguslike protists that thrive on dead or decaying organic matter in water, some of which are plant parasites on land, are
water molds.
acellular slime molds.
cellular slime molds.
true fungi. 1 2 3 4 5

39. When the amoebalike cells of acellular slime molds fuse, they form structures with many nuclei called
plasmodia.
zoosporangia.
spores.
filaments. 1 2 3 4 5

40. In oomycetes, sexual reproduction takes place in the
migrating colony.
sporangium.
antheridium and oogonium.
zoosporangium. 1 2 3 4 5

41. What structure of an acellular slime mold is analogous to the colony of cellular slime molds?
sporangium
germinating spore
zygote
plasmodium 1 2 3 4 5

42. Protists that break down organic material include the
funguslike protists.
animallike protists.
plantlike protists.
none of the above 1 2 3 4 5

43. The work of funguslike protists and other decomposers is important in improving the quality of
salt water.
fresh water.
topsoil.
potato crops. 1 2 3 4 5

44. What kinds of weather conditions might cause a farmer to worry about infection by Phytophthora infestans?
warm and dry
cool and dry
warm and wet
cool and wet 1 2 3 4 5

45. A mildewed grape crop might be caused by a(an)
cellular slime mold.
acellular slime mold.
water mold.
none of the above 1 2 3 4 5

46. Protists are a diverse group of mainly multicellular eukaryotes
True
False 1 2 3 4 5

47. Ciliates use flagella for feeding and movement
True
False 1 2 3 4 5

48. If the people in a town contracted amebic dysentery or infections by the animallike protist, Giardia, the most likely cause would be contaminated drinking water. _________________________
True
False 1 2 3 4 5

49. The type of chlorophyll most efficient at capturing red and violet light is chlorophyll a. _________________________
True
False 1 2 3 4 5

50. Euglenas have cell walls composed of silica and shaped like the two sides of a pillbox. _________________________
True
False 1 2 3 4 5

51. Blooms of dinoflagellates can cause red tides
True
False 1 2 3 4 5

52. A high level of certain toxins found in filter feeders, such as clams, may be a sign that an algal bloom has occurred. _________________________
True
False 1 2 3 4 5

53. The brown accessory pigment found in brown algae is phycobilin
True
False 1 2 3 4 5

54. Members of the phylum Rhodophyta contain the accessory pigment phycobilin. _________________________
True
False 1 2 3 4 5

55. The life cycles of many algae include both a diploid and a haploid generation. _________________________
True
False 1 2 3 4 5

56. Dried Porphyran, called nori in Japanese, is a green alga
True
False 1 2 3 4 5

57. Funguslike protists are autotrophs. _________________________
True
False 1 2 3 4 5

58. Slime molds are funguslike protists that play key roles in recycling organic matter. _________________________
True
False 1 2 3 4 5

59. Slime molds and water molds are important decomposers
True
False 1 2 3 4 5

60. Unlike many others in the same phylum, the spores of the Myxomycota that caused potato blight in nineteenth-century Ireland are airborne. _________________________
True
False 1 2 3 4 5

61. Participant Scores Participant 1 Participant 2 Participant 3
Participant 1
Participant 2
Participant 3
Participant 4
Participant 5

62. Eukaryotes that are not members of the kingdoms Plantae, Animalia, or Fungi are considered ____________________. 1 2 3 4 5
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63. In one system of classification, an animallike protist species that obtains nutrition by external digestion, as do mushrooms and molds, is called a(an) ____________________ protist. 1 2 3 4 5
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64. Animallike protists that use structures called ____________________ for movement and for feeding are members of the phylum Sarcodina. 1 2 3 4 5
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65. The phylum of animallike protists often referred to as _________________________ have a name that reflects the fact that they use flagella for movement. 1 2 3 4 5
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66. The sporozoan Plasmodium, carried from host to host by mosquitoes, causes ____________________, a very serious infectious disease. 1 2 3 4 5
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67. In the human body, Plasmodium first infects liver cells, then ____________________ cells, causing them to burst. 1 2 3 4 5
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68. Chlorophyll and accessory pigments allow algae to harvest and use the energy of ____________________. 1 2 3 4 5
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69. Empty protistan shells composed of pectin and containing an oily residue most likely once belonged to members of the phylum _________________________. 1 2 3 4 5
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70. Many members of the phylum Pyrrophyta, which are also referred to as _________________________, are luminescent. 1 2 3 4 5
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71. Red algae contain reddish accessory pigments as well as _________________________, one type of chlorophyll. 1 2 3 4 5
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72. In Ulva, the haploid reproductive cells are called spores; these are analogous to the ____________________ of Chlamydomonas. 1 2 3 4 5
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73. Because algae undergo ________________________, they produce much of Earth’s atmospheric oxygen.1 2 3 4 5
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74. Funguslike protists are ____________________ that absorb nutrients from dead or decaying organic matter. 1 2 3 4 5
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75. Close examination of a colony of individuals of the phylum Acrasiomycota would reveal that they retain their ____________________, unlike organisms of the phylum Myxomycota. 1 2 3 4 5
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76. The funguslike protists that cause several serious plant diseases, including mildews and blights of grapes and tomatoes, are the ____________________. 1 2 3 4 5
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77. In the six-kingdom system of classification, protists compose a single kingdom. Describe an alternate view of this classification. 1 2 3 4 5
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78. How do sporozoans differ from other protists in terms of movement?1 2 3 4 5
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79. Explain the importance of the animallike protist Trichonympha to the termites in which it grows.1 2 3 4 5
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80. What is the function of chlorophyll and accessory pigments in algae?1 2 3 4 5
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81. What is the advantage to algae of having forms of chlorophyll other than chlorophyll a?1 2 3 4 5
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82. How does the phylum name of dinoflagellates relate to their characteristics?1 2 3 4 5
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83. Why are euglenas well adapted to conditions of varying light intensities?1 2 3 4 5
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84. What is phytoplankton? 1 2 3 4 5
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85. To what features in plants are the holdfast, stipes, and blades of a brown algae similar? How does a brown algae remain upright in the water? 1 2 3 4 5
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86. Compare the structure and function of the diploid sporophyte to the haploid gametophyte in the multicellular alga, Ulva. 1 2 3 4 5
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87. What are two human uses of algae?1 2 3 4 5
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88. How are funguslike protists similar to fungi?1 2 3 4 5
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89. What are slime molds? What are water molds?1 2 3 4 5
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90. What is the primary difference between cellular slime molds and acellular slime molds?1 2 3 4 5
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91. What type of organism caused the destruction of much of the potato crops of 1845 and 1846 in Ireland? 1 2 3 4 5
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92. Identify and briefly explain the process by which paramecia exchange genetic material between individuals. 1 2 3 4 5
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93. Identify the cause and symptoms of African sleeping sickness, and explain how it is spread.1 2 3 4 5
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94. How do accessory pigments differ in function from chlorophyll, and how do they affect the appearance of algae and the depths at which algae can grow? 1 2 3 4 5
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95. Describe the appearance of a typical euglena and explain how it moves through water.1 2 3 4 5
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96. Explain the role of unicellular algae in the aquatic food chain, and predict the effects of the sudden death of a significant portion of existing populations of unicellular algae. 1 2 3 4 5
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97. Compare the structure of the colonial alga Volvox with that of Ulva, a true multicellular alga.1 2 3 4 5
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98. Describe the structure of the diploid zygote of Chlamydomonas, and explain under what conditions it forms and the adaptive advantage of the process of zygote formation. 1 2 3 4 5
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99. Why is it difficult to classify cellular slime molds as unicellular or multicellular?1 2 3 4 5
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100. Contrast the asexual and sexual phases in the life cycle of a water mold.1 2 3 4 5
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101. What might be the end result in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems if all decomposers—including slime molds and water molds—no longer existed? 1 2 3 4 5
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