1. F EEDING R ELATIONSHIPS, F OOD C HAINS, F OOD W EBS V OCABULARY F EEDING R ELATIONSHIPS, F OOD C HAINS, F OOD W EBS H EADINGS V OCABULARY I MPORTANT I NFO

2. F EEDING T YPES 1. Autotrophs 1. Autotrophs : photosynthesis a. Self feeders, produce their own food through photosynthesis Transformation of light energy to chemical energy to make food in the form of glucose b. Examples: plants, algae

3. 2. Heterotrophs 2. Heterotrophs: a. Depend on other organisms for their food 1. Herbivore 1. Herbivore: Eats only plants 2. Carnivore 2. Carnivore: Eats only meat 3. Omnivore 3. Omnivore: Eats both plants and meat 4. Detrivore 4. Detrivore: Eats dead organisms

4. 3. Decomposers 3. Decomposers : a. Break down and absorb nutrients from dead, decaying organisms b. Examples: mushrooms and bacteria

5. Symbiosis a. close, permanent relationship between organisms b. Three major types: Commensalism  1. Commensalism  Mutualism 2. Mutualism Parasitism  3. Parasitism  1) Mr. Fungus is ready to greet our friend the alga 2) Friend alga cell is prepared to greet Mr. Fungus 3) The Lichen is created between the fungus and the alga

6. F EEDING R ELATIONSHIPS Commensalism:  a. A feeding relationship in which one organism benefits and the other is not affected. b. Example: Remoras that live on or around a shark’s mouth. *Remora benefits from the scraps of food that fall from the shark’s mouth and the shark is not affected.

7. Mutualism: Mutualism: a. Both organisms benefit from the relationship b. “you scratch my back and I scratch yours” c. Example: tickbirds eat parasites off of the back of zebras. The tickbirds get fed and the zebra gets cleaned. Parasitism:  a.One organism benefits and the other is harmed b.Example: tapeworm living inside an organism’s intestine (may cause death) c.Example: flea living on a dog

8. F OOD C HAINS AND F OOD W EBS 1. Food Chain: a. model showing the movement of energy through the ecosystem Producers, Consumers, and Decomposers b. Consists of Producers, Consumers, and Decomposers Producer: Producer: living organisms that take non-living matter (like minerals and gases) from the environment and use them to support life (Example: plants). These are the first organisms in the food chain. Consumer: Consumer: living things that need producers to be their food. EX: (Herbivores, carnivores, and omnivores) Decomposer: Decomposer: living things which feed off of dead plants and animals to reduce their remains to minerals and gases again http://magma.nationalgeographic.com/ngexplorer/0309/quickflicks/index.html

10. F OOD C HAINS AND F OOD W EBS Food Web: 2. Food Web: a. More complicated and more realistic than a food chain b. Shows more than one possible food source for each organism trophic levels. c. Steps in food chains or food webs are called trophic levels. d. Producers d. Producers make up the first trophic level e. Consumers e. Consumers make up second, third, or higher.

11. When you read a food chain or food web, the arrows point from what is being eaten to what it is eaten by (where the energy goes). Ex.: mouse  snake; the mouse is EATEN BY the snake

12. KEY CONCEPT Pyramids model the distribution of energy and matter in an ecosystem.

13. energy transferred energy lost A N ENERGY PYRAMID SHOWS THE DISTRIBUTION OF ENERGY AMONG TROPHIC LEVELS. Energy pyramids compare energy used by producers and other organisms on trophic levels. Between each tier of an energy pyramid, up to 90 percent of the energy is lost into the atmosphere as heat. Only 10 percent of the energy at each tier is transferred from one trophic level to the next.

15. 1,000 kcal #1-W ITH YOUR GROUP WORK TO ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTION : If each level in a food chain typically loses 90% of the energy it takes in and the producer level uses 1000kcal of energy, how much of that energy is left after the third trophic level? 3 rd level 2 nd level How much remains for this level?

16. #2- W ITH YOUR GROUP WORK TO ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTION : Why is an herbivorous diet more energy efficient than a carnivorous diet? Explain your answer.

17. O THER PYRAMID MODELS ILLUSTRATE AN ECOSYSTEM ’ S BIOMASS AND DISTRIBUTION OF ORGANISMS. Biomass is a measure of the total dry mass of organisms in a given area. tertiary consumers secondary consumers primary consumers producers 75 g/m2 150g/m2 675g/m2 2000g/m2 producers 2000g/m2

18. A pyramid of numbers shows the numbers of individual organisms at each trophic level in an ecosystem. tertiary consumers secondary consumers primary consumers producers 5 5000 500,000 5,000,000 producers A vast number of producers are required to support even a few top level consumers.

19. #3- W ITH YOUR GROUP WORK TO ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTION : What is the difference between a biomass pyramid and a pyramid of numbers? What is a similarity of all 3 types of pyramids?