1. MICROBIOLOGY Nur Hidayat http://nurhidayat.lecture.ub.ac.id

2. Microbiology The branch of biology concerned with the study of microorganisms and their activities

3. Microorganisms can be: unicellularmulticellularacellular –viruses –viroids –prions-proteinaceous infectious particle

4. Occurrence of Microorganisms air we breathe food we eat on the human body –Only 1 in 10 cells of the body is human, the rest are microbial –A square centimeter of skin holds about 100,000 microbes –Humans are free of microbes until they pass through the birth canal environments –extreme

5. Activities of microorganisms Destructive –Disease-EIDs (emerging infectious diseases) –Food spoilage –Eutrophication

6. Beneficial Activities –Foods - SCP (single cell protein) –C, N, S, P cycles –Decomposition –Genetic engineering (recombinant DNA technology) –Bioremediation

7. Bioremediation - use of microbes to remove an environmental pollutant Eutrophication - the nutrient enrichment of large aquatic habitats caused directly or indirectly by human activities

8. Haeckel’s 3 Kingdoms PlantAnimalProtista

9. Eucaryotes vs Procaryotes

10. Eucaryotes True nucleus –nuclear membrane –more than 1 chromosome –chromosome replicated by mitosis –membrane-bound organelles ex. algae, fungi, protozoa, plants, animals

11. Eucaryotic Cell

12. Procaryotes Nuclear area (nucleoid) –no nuclear membrane –1 chromosome –no mitosis –ribosomes are the only membrane- bound organelles ex. bacteria (rickettsia, blue-green algae), archaea

13. Procaryotic Cell

14. Major Groups of Microorganisms AlgaeFungiProtozoaBacteriaArchaeaViruses

15. Description of Each Eucaryotes or procaryotes? Unicellular, multicellular or acellular? Importance Field of study

16. Algae Eucaryotes Unicellular & Multicellular ProducersPhycology

17. Unicellular Alga

18. Multicellular Alga Kelp

19. Fungi Eucaryotes Multicellular except yeasts DecomposersMycology

20. Multicellular Fungi Amanita muscaria

21. Unicellular Fungi

22. Protozoa EucaryotesUnicellular Free-living or parasitic Protozoology and Parasitology –protozoology - study of protozoa –parasitology - study of pathogenic protozoa & multicellular parasites (worms)

23. Protozoa classified by means of motility Amoeba - pseudopods ex. Entamoeba histolytica - amebic dysentery Flagellates - flagella ex. Giardia lamblia - giardiasis Ciliates - cilia ex. Paramecium Sporozoa - nonmotile ex. Toxoplasma gondii - toxoplasmosis ex. Plasmodium - malaria

24. Amoebas

25. Amoeba Entamoeba histolytica Amebic dysentery

26. Flagellate Giardia lamblia Giardiasis

27. Ciliate Balantidium coli

28. Sporozoa At least one million deaths per year worldwide http://www.cdc.gov/Malaria/impact/index.htm

29. Sporozoa Toxoplasma gondii Toxoplasmosis http://www.cdc.gov/toxoplasmosis/epi.html

30. Bacteria ProcaryotesUnicellular Photosynthesis, decomposition, parasites, biogeochemical cycles Bacteriology

31. Gram Positive Staphylococcus

32. Gram Negative Escherichia coli

33. ArchaeaProcaryotesUnicellular Lack typical bacterial cell wall Live in extreme environments –methanogens - produce methane –extreme thermophiles –extreme halophiles Importance - geochemical cycles Bacteriology

34. Rickettsia ProcaryotesUnicellular Obligate intracellular parasites Transmitted by insects & ticks Transmitted by insects & ticks ex. Rickettsia rickettsii - Rocky Mtn. Spotted fever Bacteriology

35. Viruses Composed of nucleic acid + protein coat Obligate intracellular parasites LatencyVirology

36. Adenovirus

37. Bacteriophage

38. Immunology The study of the resistance of the living body to disease producing organisms and the reactions of living tissues to foreign substances Resistance to disease Vaccines Allergies Transplantation