1. Chapter 31 Notes
Fungi

2. Concept 31.1 All fungi are eukaryotic; most are multicellular
mycete = fungi
Fungi differ from plants in nutritional mode, structural organization, growth, and reproduction

3. Concept 31.1
Fungi are heterotrophs that acquire their nutrients by absorption
- fungi digest their food outside their body by secreting powerful hydrolytic enzymes (exoenzymes) into the food.
- decomposers, parasites, and mutualistic symbionts

4. Concept 31.1
Fungi have a large surface area and grow rapidly to assist with absorption
The bodies of fungi are constructed of tiny filaments called hyphae
- the hyphae are divided into cells by cross-walls, or septa
- cells walls are made of chitin

7. Concept 31.2
Fungi disperse and reproduce by releasing spores that are produced sexually and asexually
- heterokaryotic stage: fusion of two hyphae that have genetically different nuclei

10. More than 100,000 fungi species are known; estimated that 1
More than 100,000 fungi species are known; estimated that 1.5 million may exist
Phylum Chytridiomycota:
- chytrids are mainly aquatic
- saprobes or parasites
- most primitive fungi; ancestors of protists

11. Phylum Zygomycota:
- mostly terrestrial; live in soil or on decaying plants and animals
- many form mycorrhizae, a mutualistic association with the roots of plants

13. Phylum Ascomycota:
- sac fungi
- range from unicellular yeasts to cup fungi
- produce spores in saclike asci

14. Phylum Basidiomycota:
- “club fungus”
- mushrooms, puffballs, and rusts
- important decomposers of wood and other plants

16. Concept 31.5
Molds, yeasts, lichens, and mycorrhizae have specialized lifestyles
Molds
- a rapidly growing, asexually reproducing fungus
Yeasts
- unicellular fungi that inhabit liquid or moist habitats

18. Concept 31.5
Lichens
- symbiotic relationship of millions of photosynthetic microorganisms (alga) held in a mesh of fungal hyphae
- the alga provides the fungus with food. The fungus provides a suitable environment for growth

21. Concept 31.5
Mycorrhizae
- mutualistic association of plant roots and fungi
- responsible for making nutrients able to be absorbed