1. Dubey, J. P. 2006. http://www.parasitology.com.cn/UploadFile/200957135243451.JPG

2. Ex. Euglena Has algal and protozoan characteristics. Has a primitive mouth. Does not have a cell wall. Has an eyespot. Has flagellum.

3.  Heterotrophic single cells with chalky or glassy shells live in great numbers in the world’s oceans; cytoplasm extends through many pores

5.  Filaments of Saprolegnia infect fish in aquaria

6.  Have both fungal and protozoal characteristics.  May be cellular or acellular.  Found in soil and on rotting logs. www.genome.gov

7. www.treknature.com

8.  Also called plasmodial slime mold.  Also produce a stalk and spores.  Haploid cells fuse to form diploid cells.  forms large masses of motile, multinucleated protoplasm.

9.  Begin life as ameba-like organisms.  If harsh conditions ensue, individual organisms will fuse together to form a motile, multicellular form that is called a slug.  Slug becomes a fruiting body which consists of a stalk and spore cap.  Spores released and are airborne.  If suitable habitat is found, a spore becomes an ameba.

10.  Asexual reproduction  Mitosis  produces 2 daughter cells.  Schizogony  Multiple nuclear divisions before cytoplasmic divisions.  Results in more than 2 daughter cells.  Sexual reproduction  Gametocyte production  2 haploid gametes which fuse to form a diploid zygote.

11.  Based on method of locomotion.  Major groups  Amoebae  Pseudopodia  Flagellates  Possess flagella  Ciliates  Possess cilia  Nonmotile protozoa  Called sporozoa Amoeba. Naegleria fowleri. classes.midlandstech.edu Flagellate. Giardia lamblia. www.pathobio.sdu.edu.cn Cilate. Balantidium coli. www.tulane.edu Nonmotile. Plasmodium vivax. www.dpd.cdc.gov

13. Blue Whale Giant Sequoia

15.  Unicellular or multicellular eukaryotes.  Reproduce asexually and sexually.  5 phyla  based on their mode of sexual reproduction.  Lack chlorophyll.  Have a cell wall made of chitin.  Are saprophytes  “garbage disposers” of nature.

16.  3-8 µm in diameter.  Found in soil and water and on skin of many fruits and vegetables.  Reproduce by an asexual process called budding.  Results in the production of a type of asexual spore called a blastospore.  Responsible for beer, wine, leavened bread.  Some species are human pathogens (i.e. Candida albicans ). Yeast cells budding. immunenhance.com

17.  Possess hyphae  A hypha is a tube- like cell.  A mass of hyphae forms a mycelium.  Septate hyphae have cross walls or septations.  Non-septate hyphae lack cross walls or septations. Hyphal structure with septae. www.fungionline.org.uk

18.  Sexual or asexual reproduction.  Can produce sexual or asexual spores.  Sexual spores form by the fusion of 2 gametes.  Asexual spores form in many different ways.

19.  Consists of many types of multicellular fungi.  Have great commercial importance.  Consists of many antibiotic producing molds like Penicillium.  Used to make many different kinds of cheese. Penicillium, a genus of green mold, attacks many fruits and is the source of the antibiotic drug penicillin. www.britannica.com Moldy bagel. www.sciencedaily.com

21.  Are responsible for diseases in humans, animals, and plants.  In humans, infections could be superficial  affecting the skin, hair, fingernails, toenails.  Some of these fungal infections can be more internal and thus be more severe. Ringworm. Tinea corporis. www.research.usf.edu Madura foot.

22.  Mutualistic relationship between an alga and a fungus.  Are tough and self- sufficient.  Can inhabit inhospitable habitats such as deserts, newly formed volcanic islands, the Arctic, bare rock.  Grow slowly  Arctic colonies grow 1-2 inches every 1000 years.  Some thought to be over 4000 years old.