1. Init: 5/25/2011 by Daniel R. Barnes

2. 1.H 2 O 2. H 2 SO 4 3.NaCl 4.NaOH 5.HCl 6.NaHCO 3 Our Samples: 7.NaClO 8.NH 3 9.CH 3 COOH 10. CH 3 CHOHCH 3 11. C 12 H 22 O 11 12. CuSO 4

3. Your liquid indicator in this lab is... phenolphthalein

4. This is a drop plate. It has twelve wells in it. well

5. pH paper blue litmus paper red litmus paper The color code chart in the pH paper container applies only to the pH paper. It does NOT apply to the litmus paper. pH paper Color code chart

6. Please do the lab before proceeding any further. Thank you.

7. 1. H 2 O acidbase water Hydrogen hydroxide Hydronium hydroxide

8. “STRONG” dissociation 2. H 2 SO 4 sulfuric acid “weak” dissociation H 2 SO 4 + H 2 O  H 3 O + + HSO 4 - HSO 4 - + H 2 O  H 3 O + + SO 4 2- strong acid weak acid

9. 3. NaCl sodium chloride NaCl(cr)  Na + (aq) + Cl - (aq) “table salt”

10. 4. NaOH sodium hydroxide NaOH(cr)  Na + (aq) + OH - (aq) “lye” base

11. 5. HCl hydrogen chloride HCl(g) + H 2 O(l)  H 3 O + (aq) + Cl - (aq) hydrochloric acid acid

12. 6. NaHCO 3 sodium hydrogen carbonate sodium bicarbonate baking soda NaHCO 3 (cr)  Na + (aq) + HCO 3 - (aq) HCO 3 - (aq) + H 3 O + (aq)  H 2 CO 3 (aq) + H 2 O(l) base

13. 7. NaClO sodium hypochlorite bleach http://www.bioworldusa.com/household/ph-scale-comparisons says the pH of bleach is 12.6 NaClO(cr)  Na + (aq) + ClO - (aq) ClO - (aq) + H 3 O + (aq)  HClO(aq) + H 2 O(l) base H2OH2O

14. Cl 2 = Cl - = ClO - = ClO 2 - = ClO 3 - = ClO 4 - = “chlorine” “chloride” “chlorate” “chlorite” “hypochlorite” “perchlorate” The hypochlorite ion found in liquid chlorine bleach is just one of a series of chlorine- containing species.

15. 8. NH 3 ammonia ammonium hydroxide NH 3 (g) + H 2 O(l)  NH 4 + (aq) + OH - (aq) base

16. 9. CH 3 COOH acetic acid ethanoic acid vinegar CH 3 COOH(aq) + H 2 O(l)  H 3 O + (aq) + CH 3 COO - (aq) acid

17. 10. CH 3 CHOHCH 3 isopropanol isopropyl alcohol rubbing alcohol C C C H H H H H H H The OH in an alcohol molecule doesn’t come off in water. base?

18. 11. C 12 H 22 O 11 sucrose table sugar The OH in a sugar doesn’t come off in water. base?

19. 12. CuSO 4 copper sulfate CuSO 4  Cu 2+ (aq) + SO 4 2- (aq) Cu 2+ (aq) + 2OH - (aq)  Cu(OH) 2 (cr) acid SO 4 2- (aq) + H 3 O + (aq)  HSO 4 - (aq) + H 2 O(l) base A 0.2M solution is said to have a pH of 4.

20. 1. What is the relationship between the pH of a sample and its effect upon the two colors of litmus paper? CONCLUSIONS: “Blue litmus paper turns red under acidic conditions and red litmus paper turns blue under basic (i.e. alkaline) conditions, with the color change occurring over the pH range 4.5-8.3 at 25 °C. Neutral litmus paper is purple.” Your results may not be exactly the same as everyone else’s, so you have to answer the question based on your data. However, here’s what wikipedia says: That’s not quite as simple as what I was brought up to believe, but what we are taught in school is often an over-simplification of reality.

21. Blue (top) and red (bottom) litmus paper. When litmus paper is placed in acid, the red stays red (bottom right) and the blue turns red (top right). When litmus paper is placed in base, the blue stays blue (top left) and the red turns blue (bottom left).

22. CONCLUSIONS: 2. What liquid indicator did you use? What is the relationship between the pH of a sample and the color it turned when the liquid indicator was mixed with it? If the pH was less than or equal to 7, the phenolphthalein remained clear. If the pH was greater than 7, the phenolphthalein turned hot pink (fuchsia/magenta). We used phenolphthalein as our liquid indicator in this lab. Click me to remove me Click me to remove me Click me to remove me Click me to remove me