1. INORGANIC COMPOUNDSORGANIC COMPOUNDS  Small in size  No carbon (some exceptions)  Not a good source of energy  Found on earth and in living things  Ex: water, acids, bases, salts  Large in size  All contain carbon, and usually hydrogen >CO 2 is inorganic  Good source of energy Ex: carbs and lipids  Only in living things  Other examples: Proteins, DNA, and RNA  Also known as macromolecules

2. CHEMISTRY OF WATER

3. POLARITY Oxygen – electronegative & selfish and hogs the electrons Electronegative refers to its ability to attract electrons Polar covalent bond created between H & O Polarity- unequal sharing of electrons Results in a positive (H) and a negative (O) dipole

4. HYDROGEN BONDING Hydrogen bond- when H is weakly bonded to a more electronegative atom Caused by the polarity of water molecules Polarity and H bonds give water important in properties POGIL- http://ed.ted.com/lesso ns/how-polarity-makes- water-behave-strangely- christina-kleinberg http://www.sumanasinc.com/webcontent/animations/content/ propertiesofwater/water.html http://www.sumanasinc.com/webcontent/animations/content/ propertiesofwater/water.html

5. PROPERTIES OF WATER Cohesion Adhesion Surface tension High specific heat Moderates temperature on earth and in our bodies Density of ice vs. water

6. COHESION & ADHESION Cohesion- water molecules sticking to other water molecules To create the least amount of surface area Adhesion- water molecules sticking to anything OTHER than water Ex: To plants, car windows, mirrors etc. Space station Video http://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=whukr452ZvY

7. Water attracted to one another Pull inward- creates “membrane” on the outside of the molecules Caused by H bonds creating strong cohesive layer SURFACE TENSION Space Station- http://www.youtube.com/watch?v= whukr452ZvY

8. ICE IS LESS DENSE THAN LIQUID WATER A liter of ice weighs less than a liter of water Caused by the hydrogen bonds- spread molecules out What would happen if ice was more dense than water? What effect do you think that would have on life? Ted Ed –Water Video- show after http://ed.ted.com/lessons/why- does-ice-float-in-water-george- zaidan-and-charles-morton http://ed.ted.com/lessons/why- does-ice-float-in-water-george- zaidan-and-charles-morton http://www.sumanasinc.com/w ebcontent/animations/content/p ropertiesofwater/water.html http://www.sumanasinc.com/w ebcontent/animations/content/p ropertiesofwater/water.html

9. WATER IS THE UNIVERSAL SOLVENT Suspension – 2 or more materials that do not chemically combine (heterogeneous) Ex: water and sand Solution – uniform mixture of 2 or more substances where the solid is chemically dissolved in the liquid. (homogeneous) Ex: Salt water Solvent – dissolving agent (usually water) Solute – Substance being dissolved (salt) Show Sumansain video

11. HIGH SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITY Water has a high specific heat capacity Can absorb large amounts of heat and only raise temperate by a few degrees Regulates the climate (keeps it a moderate temp) Organisms (mostly made of water) regulate body temp in the same way

12. PH SCALE Acid – donates H+ ions Below 7 on pH scale Lower numbers = stronger acid Ex: Hydrochloric acid (HCl), Neutral – equal H+ and OH- Ex: Pure water, human blood pH of 7 Base – accepts H+ ions Above 7 on pH scale High number = stronger base Ex: ammonia, bleach

14. ACID PRECIPITATION! YIKES! Sulfur dioxides and nitrogen oxides mix with atmosphere From burning of fossil fuels (coal, oil, gas) Factories and cars Rain, snow, fog pH < 5.6 Recorded as low as 3! Impacts: Killing plants, and animals Eroding of buildings/statues/pipes/cables

17. BUFFER S A chemical substance that resists changes in pH by accepting hydrogen ions from or donating hydrogen ions to solutions (has both weak acid and base in it) Maintains homeostasis

18. BUFFERS http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NJyAme5GVF8 First 2 mins of: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8Fdt5WnYn1k

19. PH AND BREATHING

20. WHAT IS THE TERM THAT REFERS TO WATER MOLECULES BEING ATTRACTED TO OTHER WATER MOLECULES? COHESION

21. WHAT IS THE TERM THAT REFERS TO THE UNEQUAL SHARING OF ELECTRONS? POLARITY

22. WHAT ARE THE BONDS CALLED WHICH HOLD WATER MOLECULES TOGETHER? HYDROGEN BONDS

23. WHAT CAUSES HYDROGEN BONDS TO OCCUR IN WATER MOLECULES? POLARITY

24. WHAT IS THE TERM THAT REFERS TO WATER MOLECULES BEING ATTRACTED TO SUBSTANCES OTHER THAN WATER? ADHESION

25. WHAT ARE THE BONDS CALLED WHICH HOLD OXYGEN AND HYDROGEN TOGETHER? POLAR COVALENT BONDS

26. WHY DOES SURFACE TENSION OCCUR? COHESION- INWARD PULL OF WATER MOLECULES

27. WHAT IS A UNIFORM MIXTURE OF 2 OR MORE SUBSTANCES WHERE THE SOLID IS CHEMICALLY DISSOLVED IN THE LIQUID? SOLUTION

28. WHAT IS A MIXTURE CALLED WHEN 2 OR MORE MATERIALS DO NOT CHEMICALLY COMBINE? SUSPENSION

29. WHAT IS THE TERM FOR A DISSOLVING AGENT IN A SOLUTION? SOLVENT

30. WHAT IS THE TERM FOR THE SUBSTANCE BEING DISSOLVED? SOLUTE