1. Vital Signs, Oxygen & Medical Emergencies Warning: blood and guts to follow !

2. Vital Signs Oxygen Therapy Oxygen Devices Chest Tubes and Lines

3. Vital Signs Indication of Homeostasis Primary Mechanisms Heart beat Blood pressure Body temperature Respiratory rate Electrolyte balance Physical assessment include measurement of vital signs Body Temperature Pulse Respiration Blood Pressure Mental Status

4. Body Temperature Normal average body temperature: 98.6 F Humans can survive between 106 F and 93.2 F. Hypothermia Hyperthermia Measuring Body Temperature Oral Rectal Axillary Tympanic

5. Pulse Pulse rate: Adult = 60 to 100 beats per minute Children under 10 = 70 to 120 beats per minute Tachycardia Bradycardia

6. Respiratory Rate Breaths per minute: Adult = 12 to 20 Children under 10 = 20 to 30 per min Tachypnea Bradypena Dyspnea Apnea

7. Pulse Oximeter Normal Pulse Oximeter = 95% to 100%

8. Blood Pressure Systolic pressure = 95-140 mmHg Diastolic pressure = 60-90 mmHg Hypertension Hypotension

9. Oxygen Oxygen constitutes 21% of atmospheric gases If O2 levels in the body drop below 21% homeostasis is altered. Hypoxia: Inadequate amount of oxygen at the cellular level.

10. Oxygen Devices Nasal Cannula Masks Nonrebreathing mask Aerosol mask Air-entrainment mask Tent and Oxyhood

11. Chest Tubes and Lines Endotracheal Tube (ET) –Ventilator Chest Tubes Nasogastric tube (NG) Central Lines

21. Review Vital Signs Homeostasis Body Temperature Pulse Respiration Blood Pressure Mental Status Electrolyte balance Pulse Oximeter Oxygen Oxygen Devices Chest Tubes Chest Lines

22. Winston Churchill  "The pessimist sees difficulty in every opportunity. The optimist sees the opportunity in every difficulty." Winston Churchill

23. Questions? Vital Signs

24. Medical Emergencies

27. TRAUMA = X-RAY IS READY

28. SPINAL INJURY PT

30. GSW to the Abdomen  

33. Compound Fx of Femur

36. Medical Emergencies Definitions What should the RT know? Common Radiology Emergencies

37. Medical Emergencies Definition: Sudden change in medical status requiring immediate action. For RT’s medical emergencies are rare, however as medical personnel we must be prepared to recognize emergencies.

39. Fractured Forearm

40. What an RT should know….. How to….. Avoid additional harm to the patient Obtain appropriate medical assistance quickly Recognize emergency situations Remain calm and confident

41. Anaphylactic Reaction An immune response to foreign material Bronchospasm – wheezing and edema in the throat and lungs Can lead to shock Requires prompt recognition and treatment from the technologist Why do RT’s care about Anaphylactic RXN’s….?

42. Water Soluble Iodine High atomic # 53 Radiopaque Used to radiograph –Vessels –Arteries –Veins –Function of internal organs

43. Iodine Contrast Material Ionic Iodine Contrast –Anion - –Cation + –More patient allergic reactions Non-Ionic Contrast –Less patient allergic reactions

44. Radiology Department Patients are usually sent to the radiology department only after they have been stabilized. However……

45. General Priorities Ensure an open airway Control Bleeding Take Measures to Prevent shock Attend to wounds or fractures appropriately Provide emotional support Continually reevaluate and follow up

46. ABC A = Air Way B = Breathing C = Circulation

47. CPR C = Cardio P = Pulmonary R = Respiration Must be certified for the “Health Care Provider” Cards good for 2 years are available.

48. Become familiar with……….. In your work environment: –Emergency assistance protocol (how to get help) –Emergency Cart/Crash Cart Location

49. Important Conditions to be Aware of…… Level of Consciousness: ALOC Altered Level Of Consciousness Anaphylactic Shock: vasogenic shock Hypoglycemic/Hyperglycemia NPO – Nothing by Mouth

50. Medical Terms to Know….. Pallor = paleness; absence of skin coloration Shock = failure of the circulatory system CPR = cardiopulmonary resuscitation For program must be for Health Care Provider

51. Continued…………… Stroke = Cerebrovascular Accident (brain) Heart Attack = Myocardial Infarct (heart) N/V = Nausea & Vomiting Epistaxis = nosebleed Vertigo = dizziness Syncope = fainting

52. And more…… Hemorrhage = bleeding outside a vessel

55. Radiologic Technology You never know when a medical emergency may occur. Helping your patients depends on your abilities to stay calm and perform you duties!

56. Questions? Infection Control Vital Signs Medical Emergencies