1. Environmental Systems

2. Oxygen Systems
What are three basic configurations of oxygen systems?

3. Oxygen Systems What are three basic configurations of oxygen systems?
Continuous-flow
Diluter-demand
Pressure-demand

4. Continuous-flow
Name three types of Continuous-flow oxygen systems?

5. Continuous-flow
Constant flow
Adjustable-flow
Altitude-compensated

6. Oxygen Systems What is the most popular system in modern aircraft?
Altitude-compensated

7. Oxygen Masks
Name three types of oxygen masks?

8. Oxygen Masks Name three types of oxygen masks? Oronasal rebreather
Cannula oxygen breathing device
Quick-donning

9. Oxygen Systems
With an altitude-compensated regulator and an oronasal rebreather, when will the bag fully inflate?
Why?

10. Oxygen Systems High Altitudes
Decreased atmospheric pressure and increased oxygen flow rate

11. Oxygen Systems
In a continuous-flow system when the mask connector contains a flow restrictor, what color is the pilots mask?

12. Oxygen Systems
In a continuous-flow system when the mask connector contains a flow restrictor, what color is the pilots mask?
Red

13. Oxygen Systems
To what altitudes are the following oxygen systems usable
Continuous-flow

14. Oxygen Systems
Continuous-flow 25,000
Diluter-demand

15. Oxygen Systems Continuous-flow 25,000 Diluter-demand 40,000
Pressure-demand

16. Oxygen Systems Continuous-flow 25,000 Diluter-demand 40,000
Pressure-demand above 40,000

17. Oxygen Systems What kind do we have in the King Air?
Pilots have Diluter demand
Passengers have Constant flow.

18. Oxygen Systems
How can oxygen be stored?

19. Oxygen Systems
Cylinders or Chemical Oxygen Generators

20. Oxygen Systems Where do we get oxygen to refill cylinders?
Look in the Airport Facility Directory. Ensure you use aviation oxygen.

21. Oxygen Systems
What color are most high pressure oxygen cylinders painted?
Green

22. Oxygen Systems
What is the lowest pressure to which an oxygen bottle should be depleted?
Why?

23. Oxygen Systems
What is the lowest pressure to which an oxygen bottle should be depleted? 50 psi
Why?
To prevent moisture from entering the cylinder

24. Oxygen Systems
How long will an 66 cu ft cylinder of oxygen last?

25. Oxygen Systems How long will an 66 cu ft cylinder of oxygen last?
Depends on the temperature, pressure in the bottle and the number of people using the bottle.

26. Oxygen Systems
What are the pilot oxygen requirement for Part 91 flying

27. Oxygen Systems
FAR From 12,500 to 14,000 feet flight crew up to 30 minutes without.
Over 14,000 minimum flight crew must be provided and use supplemental oxygen

28. Oxygen Systems
Over 15,000 each occupant must be provided supplemental oxygen.

29. Oxygen Systems
What are the pilot supplemental oxygen requirement for Part 135 flying?

30. Oxygen Systems
FAR From 10,000 to 12,000 any part of the flight over 30 minutes in duration.
Over 12,000 continuously

31. Cabin Pressurization
What training must you receive to act as PIC of an pressurized aircraft certified for operations above 25,000 feet.

32. Cabin Pressurization
FAR 61.31(g) (1) logged ground training and obtained an endorsement in the person’s logbook or training record.
FAR 61.31(g) (2) endorsement for flight, simulator or FTD.

33. Cabin Pressurization Ground training
High altitude aerodynamics and meteorology
Respiration
Effects, symptoms and causes of hypoxia

34. Cabin Pressurization Duration of consciousness w/o suppl oxygen
Effects of long usage of suppl oxygen

35. Cabin Pressurization Causes and effects of gas expansion
Preventive measures for eliminating gas expansion and high altitude sickness

36. Cabin Pressurization Physical phenomena and incidents of decompression
Any other physiological aspects of high-altitude flight

37. Cabin Pressurization Flight, Simulator or FTD Training
Normal operations above 25,000 feet
Proper emergency procedures for simulated rapid decompression without actually depressurizing the aircraft
Emergency descent procedures

38. Pressurization Components
What component modulates between open and closed to allow the pressurization air to vent out of the cabin at a controlled rate.

39. Pressurization Components
What component modulates between open and closed to allow the pressurization air to vent out of the cabin at a controlled rate.
Outflow Valve

40. Pressurization Components
If the outflow valve fails, will the pressure continue to rise until we have a rapid decompression?

41. Pressurization Components
If the outflow valve fails, will the pressure continue to rise until we have a rapid decompression?
No, you can activate the safety/dump valve

42. Pressurization Control
What is meant by differential range?

43. Pressurization Control
What is meant by differential range?
When the pressurization system is working to prevent the cabin differential pressure from exceeding maximum limits.

44. Cabin Differential Pressure
What is the typical cabin differential pressure for general aviation aircraft?
3.35 to 4.5 P.S.I.D
For large transport category aircraft
9.0 P.S.I.D

45. Pressurization Control
What is meant by isobaric range?

46. Pressurization Control
What is meant by isobaric range?
When the system is working to maintain the cabin pressure altitude at the preset level.

47. Cabin Pressure Controller
What three items do you normally set in the cabin pressure control system?

48. Cabin Pressure Controller
What three items do you normally set in the cabin pressure control system?
Cruise Altitude
Cabin Altitude Selected
Rate control knob

49. Instrumentation
Name three instruments used in conjunction with the pressure controller.

50. Instrumentation
Name three instruments used in conjunction with the pressure controller.
Cabin Differential Pressure Gage
Cabin Altimeter
Cabin rate-of-climb instrument

51. Pressurization Control
When operating in the isobaric range, what will happen if you make a sudden change in the cabin altitude selected?

52. Pressurization Control
Extreme changes in cabin pressure causing significant pain to you and your passengers

53. Pressurized Air
In most light pressurized aircraft the pressurized air comes from the turbocharger’s compressor. What must be done to it before it is usable?

54. Pressurized Air
In most light pressurized aircraft the pressurized air comes from the turbocharger’s compressor. What must be done to it before it is usable?
It must be cooled in a heat exchanger.

55. Emergencies
What are the most likely causes of rapid and explosive decompressions?

56. Emergencies
What are the most likely causes of rapid and explosive decompressions?
Failure of the Windshield, cabin window or door.

57. Minimum Oxygen
What is the minimum oxygen supply for flying in a pressurized cabin above FL 250?

58. Minimum Oxygen
What is the minimum oxygen supply for flying in a pressurized cabin above FL 250?
10 minutes

59. Oxygen Masks
What oxygen mask requirements exist for flying above FL350.

60. Oxygen Masks
Generally, one pilot at the controls must wear and use an oxygen mask that is secured and sealed.

61. Oxygen Masks
An exception exists below FL 410 if both pilots have quick donning type masks that can be placed on the face with one hand and secured, sealed and operating within 5 sec.

62. Hypoxia
Name four types of hypoxia and describe them.

63. Hypoxia Name four types of hypoxia and describe them.
Hypoxic - altitude hypoxia caused by insufficient partial pressure of oxygen.

64. Hypoxia
Histotoxic - Alcohol and drug use, cannot be corrected by supplemental oxygen because the uptake of oxygen is impaired at the tissue level

65. Hypoxia
Hypemic - reduction of the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood as a result of anemia, carbon monoxide poisoning, or excessive smoking.

66. Hypoxia
Stagnant hypoxia - poor circulation of the blood because of failure of the circulatory system to pump blood. It can be caused by pressure breathing or excessive G-forces.

67. Prolonged Oxygen Use
What are the symptoms of prolonged use of 100% oxygen?

68. Prolonged Oxygen Use
Bronchial cough, fever, vomiting nervousness, irregular heart beat and lowered energy.

69. Vision
What effect does altitude have on vision?

70. Vision Deteriorate with altitude
Empty visual field caused by cloudless blue skies cause inaccuracies in judging speed, size and distance
Sunglasses recommended to minimize the intensity of the sun’s ultraviolet rays.

71. Decompression Sickness
What are three types of evolved gas decompression sickness.

72. Decompression Sickness
Bends - pain in and around the joints
Chokes - Chest pain and burning sensation, a sensation of suffocation.
Paresthesia - tingling, itching, red rash, and warm and cold sensations

73. Anti-icing
De-icing

74. Anti Icing
When do you want to turn on Anti Icing equipment?

75. Anti Icing When do you want to turn on Anti Icing equipment?
Prior to encountering ice conditions?

76. Airfoil Ice Control De-icing Boots Thermal Anti-ice Systems
Weeping Wing

77. Windshield Ice Control
Alcohol
Thermal

78. Windshield Ice Control
What can happen if thermal anti ice is used on the ground?

79. Windshield Ice Control
What can happen if thermal anti ice is used on the ground?
Bubbles can develop between the layers of window lamination resulting in the windshield having to be replaced.

80. Propeller Ice Control
Thermal
Alcohol

81. Other Ice Systems Pitot Heat Static Port Fuel Vent
Stall Warning Sensors

82. Ice
What two conditions are necessary for structural ice to form?

83. Ice Visible water such as rain or clouds
Temperature where the moisture strikes the aircraft must be 0 or colder

84. Ice
What are the three kinds of ice?

85. Ice What are the three kinds of ice? Clear, Rime and Mixed
Which is the most dangerous kind of ice?

86. Ice Which is the most dangerous kind of ice?
Clear. It is very heavy and difficult to remove.

87. Ice
What kind of ice usually forms on aircraft flying through stratus type clouds?

88. Ice
What kind of ice usually forms on aircraft flying through stratus type clouds?
Rime

89. Ice
What do ice pellets normally mean?

90. Ice What do ice pellets normally mean?
Freezing rain at higher altitudes

91. Ice
What type of cloud is hail normally associated?

92. Ice
What type of cloud is hail normally associated?
Cumulonimbus

93. Ice
Frost does not change the basic aerodynamic shape of the wing so how does it affect the flow of air over the wing?

94. Ice
Roughness spoils the smooth flow of air causing early flow separation

95. Ice
What effect does frost have on stall speed?

96. Ice What effect does frost have on stall speed?
It normally increases stall speed between 5 and 10 per cent

97. Ice
If you begin to accumulate ice and you anticipate there is a warm front aloft, should you try to climb?

98. Ice
Depends on the situation, but the decision to either turn back or climb should be made quickly before too much ice accumulates which would preclude a climb.

99. Ice
If you accumulate ice, what precaution should you take on landing?

100. Ice
Avoid abrupt maneuvers because the aircraft has lost some aerodynamic efficiency, land with power at a higher than normal airspeed, be cautious about the use of flaps.

101. Ice
How can the NWS observe actual icing conditions?

102. Ice
They cannot. They can identify regions where icing is possible but they need PIREPS to know for sure.

103. Ice
When you preheat an aircraft, to what items should you pay attention?

104. Ice
Oil, battery and instruments. You should preheat not only the engine compartment but also the cockpit. Except at KSU-S, because we have had damage to aircraft interiors