1. International Natural Resource Management (INRM) Changxiao Li, Ph.D. Email: lichangx@swu.edu.cn SUMBER: 202.202.111.134/jpk/data/gjzrzygl/.../e-book/Chapter%2003.ppt‎

2. Ecosystem-based Management 1.Concept: Ecosystem-Based Management (EBM) is a management approach that: Integrates ecological, social, and economic goals and recognizes humans as key components of the ecosystem. SUMBER: 202.202.111.134/jpk/data/gjzrzygl/.../e-book/Chapter%2003.ppt‎

3. Considers ecological- not just political- boundaries. Addresses the complexity of natural processes and social systems and uses an adaptive management approach in the face of resulting uncertainties. SUMBER: 202.202.111.134/jpk/data/gjzrzygl/.../e-book/Chapter%2003.ppt‎ Ecosystem-based Management

4. Engages multiple stakeholders in a collaborative process to define problems and find solutions. Incorporates understanding of ecosystem processes and how ecosystems respond to environmental perturbations. Is concerned with the ecological integrity of terrestrial-marine systems and the sustainability of both human and ecological systems. SUMBER: 202.202.111.134/jpk/data/gjzrzygl/.../e-book/Chapter%2003.ppt‎ Ecosystem-based Management

5. Ecosystem Types 1.Coastal 2.Estuarine 3.Freshwater 4.Marine 5.Terrestrial 6.Watershed 7.Wetlands 8.River SUMBER: 202.202.111.134/jpk/data/gjzrzygl/.../e-book/Chapter%2003.ppt‎

6. 1.4 Principles of Ecosystem-based Management 1.Sustainability -Regarding intergenerational sustainability as a precondition 2. Goals -Establishing measurable goals SUMBER: 202.202.111.134/jpk/data/gjzrzygl/.../e-book/Chapter%2003.ppt‎

7. 1.4 Principles of Ecosystem-based Management 3. Sound Ecological Models and Understanding -Relying on research performed at all levels of ecological organization 4. Complex and Connectedness -Recognizing the importance of biological diversity and structural complexity SUMBER: 202.202.111.134/jpk/data/gjzrzygl/.../e-book/Chapter%2003.ppt‎

8. 5. The Dynamic Character of Ecosystems -Recognizing that change and evolution are inherent in ecosystem sustainability 6. Context and Scale -Operating over a wide range of spatial and temporal scales -Being affected by surrounding systems -Thus, there is no single appropriate scale or timeframe for management. 1.4 Principles of Ecosystem-based Management SUMBER: 202.202.111.134/jpk/data/gjzrzygl/.../e-book/Chapter%2003.ppt‎

9. 7. Humans as Ecosystem Components -Valuing the active role of humans in achieving sustainable management goals 8. Adaptability and Accountability -Current knowledge and paradigms provisional, incomplete, and subject to change -Management approaches needed to be tested by research and monitoring programs 1.4 Principles of Ecosystem-based Management SUMBER: 202.202.111.134/jpk/data/gjzrzygl/.../e-book/Chapter%2003.ppt‎

10. 2. How about the Ecosystem-based Management in the US? Show Slides of the Cornell Life Requesting to Think about the Eco-friendly Living Styles while viewing the PPT SUMBER: 202.202.111.134/jpk/data/gjzrzygl/.../e-book/Chapter%2003.ppt‎

11. 3. Watershed-based Management 3.1 Concept SUMBER: 202.202.111.134/jpk/data/gjzrzygl/.../e-book/Chapter%2003.ppt‎

14. Watershed Components SUMBER: 202.202.111.134/jpk/data/gjzrzygl/.../e-book/Chapter%2003.ppt‎

15. Hydrological Cycle in the Watershed SUMBER: 202.202.111.134/jpk/data/gjzrzygl/.../e-book/Chapter%2003.ppt‎

17. Watershed Adaptive Management -Watershed adaptive management is a multi- step, iterative process consisting of watershed monitoring, assessment, planning, implementation, and evaluation. -Inherent to the process is a period of learning based on changing conditions that leads to improved decision-making to correct problems. SUMBER: 202.202.111.134/jpk/data/gjzrzygl/.../e-book/Chapter%2003.ppt‎

18. Steps in Watershed Management SUMBER: 202.202.111.134/jpk/data/gjzrzygl/.../e-book/Chapter%2003.ppt‎

19. Processes of Watershed Adaptive Management SUMBER: 202.202.111.134/jpk/data/gjzrzygl/.../e-book/Chapter%2003.ppt‎

20. The “adaptive” part of watershed management occurs when assessments of changing conditions and the responses of the watershed to management are used to make new decisions. SUMBER: 202.202.111.134/jpk/data/gjzrzygl/.../e-book/Chapter%2003.ppt‎

21. Watershed Management Conceptual Model and Indicators 1.Ecological or Social Endpoints 2.Watershed Processes Influencing Endpoints 3.Human Activities Influencing Watershed Processes 4.Draw a Conceptual Model 5.Select Watershed Indicators SUMBER: 202.202.111.134/jpk/data/gjzrzygl/.../e-book/Chapter%2003.ppt‎

22. Human Activities Influencing Watershed Processes SUMBER: 202.202.111.134/jpk/data/gjzrzygl/.../e-book/Chapter%2003.ppt‎