1. By Laxmi Narayan Sethi, Hillolmoy Chakraborty and Jesmine Lyngdoh Department of Agricultural Engineering M. Tech (3 rd Sem) in WRDM Assam University (A Central University), Silchar, India

2.  Spatial and temporal analysis of rainfall data of the Barak Valley.  Statistical and probability analysis of rainfall for crop planning.  Planning for High-tech agricultural practices 5/19/2015 Spatio-temporal Rainfall Analysis for Crop Planning in Barak Valley of North East of India 2 OBJECTIVES

3. MATERIALS AND METHODS Study Area Barak valley (latitude 24 o 8′ to 25 o 8′ N and longitude 92 o 15′ to 93 o 15′ E and with altitude of 31.40 m from the mean sea level) of Assam State, India Geographical area of 6,922 km 2 (8.84% of state) with three districts, viz. Cachar, Hailakandi, and Karimganj. 3 Data Monitoring and Rainfall Analysis The study area is covered by nine rain gauge stations in the Barak valley (Annapurna Ghat, Lakhipur, Dhalai, Amraghat, Silcoorie located in Cachar district; Karimganj and Badarpur Ghat in Karimganj district; and Gharmura and Matijuri located in Hailakandi district). The rainfall data were collected on daily basis for nine numbers of rain gauge stations in the valley. The spatial variability of rainfall considers the pattern of rainfall in different stations, and the valley and the temporal variability of rainfall considers the long term variation in monthly, seasonally (Summer, Kharif and Rabi) and yearly basis. Probability analysis was carried out using the SMADA (Stormwater Management and Design Aid, version 6.0) software.

4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Spatial and Temporal Rainfall Analysis Station-wise monthly, seasonal and annual rainfall variation in Barak Valley 4 Average monthly variation and seasonal contribution of rainfall in Barak Valley Spatio-temporal Rainfall Analysis for Crop Planning in Barak Valley of North East of India

5. 5 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION (CONTD.) Station NameRainfall Variability (%) SummerKharifRabiAnnual Annapurna Ghat 44.9822.8147.3426.23 Lakhipur 55.4018.9559.1925.24 Dhalai 34.5218.4052.2018.85 Amraghat 40.3816.9355.5018.65 Silcoorie 34.1915.4850.2715.46 Karimganj 43.2221.3151.8724.37 Badarpur Ghat 35.8318.2131.0519.97 Gharmura 51.2814.6046.8916.45 Matijuri 29.3636.1355.9924.95 ParameterKharif (Jun –Sep)Summer (Mar – May)Rabi (Oct – Feb)Annual Cachar Mean Rainfall (mm) % of Contribution Standard Deviation CV (%) 1857.13 62.83 232.62 12.53 824.53 27.89 192.41 23.34 274.19 9.28 40.70 14.84 2955.97 100 447.53 15.14 Karimganj Mean Rainfall (mm) % of Contribution Standard Deviation CV (%) 2180.49 63.55 37.95 1.74 1003.43 29.24 145.47 14.50 247.24 7.21 34.07 13.78 3431.16 100 217.48 6.34 Hailakandi Mean Rainfall (mm) % of Contribution Standard Deviation CV (%) 1515.65 61.76 239.12 15.78 698.58 28.47 140.08 20.05 239.93 7.78 14.01 5.84 2454.16 100 85.02 3.46 Barak valley Mean Rainfall (mm) % of Contribution Standard Deviation CV (%) 1853.10 62.82 299.43 16.16 836.29 28.35 188.20 22.50 260.59 8.83 35.56 13.65 2950.05 100 475.74 16.13 Seasonal and annual statistical analysis of three districts of Barak Valley. Rainfall variability and statistics Station and district-wise seasonal and annual rainfall variability (%)

6. Monthly statistical analysis of three Districts and entire Barak Valley ParameterJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecTotal Cachar Mean Rainfall (mm) 8.3036.48116.74324.10383.68534.67505.99443.44373.03169.7239.2720.422955.97 % of Contribution 0.281.233.9510.9612.9818.0917.1215.0012.625.741.330.69100.00 Standard Deviation 13.3637.1992.17240.10113.73169.8298.06147.80154.9382.9839.3741.83561.46 CV (%) 160.96101.9678.9574.0829.6431.7619.3833.3341.5348.89100.26204.8918.99 Karimganj Mean Rainfall (mm) 2.6327.85114.26404.19484.99695.18572.33490.34422.64190.5514.9711.253431.16 % of Contribution 0.080.813.3311.7814.1320.2616.6814.2912.325.550.440.33100.00 Standard Deviation 5.2732.4881.49277.23137.60202.56192.24143.58158.4868.6117.8019.09677.16 CV (%) 200.33116.6371.3268.5928.3729.1433.5929.2837.5036.01118.95169.7419.74 Hailakandi Mean Rainfall (mm) 3.3018.2464.85272.54361.19472.36366.40386.63290.27173.2332.1912.982454.15 % of Contribution 0.130.742.6411.1114.7219.2514.9315.7511.837.061.310.53100.00 Standard Deviation 7.5727.6648.04227.86134.02222.83148.56142.5184.5968.8742.3932.72442.44 CV (%) 229.70151.6274.0783.6137.1147.1840.5536.8629.1439.76131.71252.0618.03 Barak valley Mean Rainfall (mm) 4.7427.5298.62333.61409.95567.40481.57440.13361.98177.8328.8114.882947.09 % of Contribution 0.160.933.3511.3213.9119.2516.3414.9312.286.030.980.50100.00 Standard Deviation 7.9431.0462.18240.85109.35169.47120.40115.8499.9959.5531.6930.53446.90 CV (%) 167.55112.7963.0572.2026.6729.8725.0026.3227.6233.49110.01205.1415.16 6

7. 7 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION (CONTD.) Raingauge Station Occurrence of Maximum Rainfall Occurrence of Minimum Rainfall Average Annual Rainfall (mm) YearAmount (mm) YearAmount (mm) Annapurna Ghat20055155.3020062235.903614.90 Lakhipur20104674.9020022029.903052.89 Dhalai20103644.8020061881.202830.04 Amraghat20103809.0020062017.802908.68 Silcoorie20103082.7020061875.302373.34 Karimganj20044259.4020081596.103277.37 Badarpur Ghat20104854.2020062598.503584.94 Gharmura20022914.1020091697.802514.27 Matijuri20073053.3020091254.502394.03 Station-wise maximum, minimum and annual average rainfall in the Barak Valley Station NameSummer (Mar – May)Kharif (Jun –Sep)Rabi (Oct – Feb)Annual (mm) Annapurna Ghat1148.812157.74308.353614.90 Lakhipur 824.381953.87274.003052.89 Dhalai 761.421785.52283.102830.04 Amraghat 743.381865.34299.962908.68 Silcoorie 644.641523.17205.532373.34 Karimganj 900.572153.65223.153277.37 Badarpur Ghat 1106.292207.32271.333584.94 Gharmura 599.521684.73230.022514.27 Matijuri 797.631346.56249.842394.03 Average836.291853.10260.592950.05 Station-wise mean seasonal and annual rainfall (mm) at different stations in the Barak Valley

8. 8 Rainfall Probability Analysis Expected monthly, seasonal and annual rainfall in Barak Valley RESULTS AND DISCUSSION (CONTD.) Spatio-temporal Rainfall Analysis for Crop Planning in Barak Valley of North East of India

9. CONCLUSION Barak valley receives average rainfall of 2950 mm during 2001- 2010 which is above normal rainfall of Assam state (2818 mm). The heavy rainfall experiences at Karimganj district 3431.16 mm followed by Cachar 2955.97 mm and Hailakandi 2454.15 mm. It is observed that highest percentage (62.82% i.e. 1853.10 mm) of rainfall contribution to the valley is during kharif season followed by summer season (28.35% i.e. 836.29 mm) and rabi season (8.83% i.e. 260.59 mm). The monthly and seasonal rainfall of the three districts are found so high that at 50 percent and above probability levels there are chance of occurrence of rainfall more than the average rainfall value. 9 Spatio-temporal Rainfall Analysis for Crop Planning in Barak Valley of North East of India

10. Hence long duration flood resistance crops for the monsoon and short duration cropping pattern for the non-monsoon season can be followed for increasing the agricultural productivity in the Barak Valley. Also rainwater harvesting structures shall be prepared to conserve water for dry spell use. Ground water recharge rate is also to be increased so that in dry season ground water can be lifted up and used for irrigation purposes and other domestic purposes. During rainy season agricultural practices shall be done in protected cultivation (inside green houses, poly houses or shade net houses) with micro irrigation systems to increase the yield and also to get off seasonal crops, which will give better return on investments. 5/19/201510 CONCLUSION (CONTD.) Spatio-temporal Rainfall Analysis for Crop Planning in Barak Valley of North East of India

11. Thank You 11