1. Effects of Introduction of Feed Grains into Mid South Soybean Production Systems Effects of Introduction of Feed Grains into Mid South Soybean Production Systems Bobby R. Golden Delta Research and Extension Center 479-409-6191bgolden@drec.msstate.eduMississippi-crops.com Twitter: @BobbyRGolden or @DeltaSoil

2. Participants Jeremy Ross – U of A, State Soybean Specialist Jeremy Ross – U of A, State Soybean Specialist Josh Lofton – LSU AgCenter, Agronomist Josh Lofton – LSU AgCenter, Agronomist Gene Stevens – Mizzou Delta Center, Agronomist Gene Stevens – Mizzou Delta Center, Agronomist Clark Neely – TAMU, State Wheat Specialist Clark Neely – TAMU, State Wheat Specialist Ronnie Schnell – TAMU, Cropping Systems Spec. Ronnie Schnell – TAMU, Cropping Systems Spec. Trent Irby – MSU, State Soybean Specialist Trent Irby – MSU, State Soybean Specialist Larry Falconer – MSU, Extension Economist Larry Falconer – MSU, Extension Economist Bobby Golden – MSU, Delta Agronomist/Soil Fertility Bobby Golden – MSU, Delta Agronomist/Soil Fertility

3. Graduate Students Melanie Fuhrman – U of A, Masters Melanie Fuhrman – U of A, Masters Richard Turner – MSU, Masters Richard Turner – MSU, Masters Potential Post Doc, or Associate yet to be filled, will be housed at the DREC at MSU Potential Post Doc, or Associate yet to be filled, will be housed at the DREC at MSU – Have spoken with one potential candidate – Very difficult to find.

4. Other Cooperation Pioneer Hybrid – Will provide the corn Hybrid (P1637), Soybean (49T97R) and Grain Sorghum (83P17) for the duration of the project. Pioneer Hybrid – Will provide the corn Hybrid (P1637), Soybean (49T97R) and Grain Sorghum (83P17) for the duration of the project. Soil analysis conducted by LSU AgCenter Soil analysis conducted by LSU AgCenter Nematode Analysis conducted by U of A Nematode Analysis conducted by U of A – Soils currently being processed for first year

5. Rational The dramatic increase in corn acreage in the Mid- South and the resulting agronomic and economic impact of incorporating corn into Mid-South soybean production systems. The dramatic increase in corn acreage in the Mid- South and the resulting agronomic and economic impact of incorporating corn into Mid-South soybean production systems. The unique problems and management issues that may result from a rotational system of soybean and grain crops, and the incorporation of wheat in a double-cropping production scheme. The unique problems and management issues that may result from a rotational system of soybean and grain crops, and the incorporation of wheat in a double-cropping production scheme.

6. Why Numerous research out of the Midwest suggests that both corn and soybean benefit as a rotation partner. Numerous research out of the Midwest suggests that both corn and soybean benefit as a rotation partner. Does this hold true in Southern U.S. Climates when cultivation occurs on low organic matter soils Does this hold true in Southern U.S. Climates when cultivation occurs on low organic matter soils Overall lack of long term rotational research with Corn in the Mid South. Overall lack of long term rotational research with Corn in the Mid South.

7. Breakdown of Treatments – Trial Level

8. Breakdown of Treatments – Replicate Level

9. Breakdown of Treatments – Experimental Unit Residue Management Residue Management – Harvest and Burn – Harvest, shred and Hip These are the two most common practices of residue management in Mississippi. These are the two most common practices of residue management in Mississippi.

10. Why are we interested in Residue Management? How we handle corn stubble may influence our overall soil quality. How we handle corn stubble may influence our overall soil quality. Residue management may have a distinct effect on soil test sulfur. Residue management may have a distinct effect on soil test sulfur. Corn residue management may impact soybean yield Corn residue management may impact soybean yield

11. Outputs Soil Testing Soil Testing – Total N&C, Mehlich-3 Extractable Nutrients, Soil pH, Nematode analysis BMP Approach BMP Approach – Fertilization level based on State Recommendations. Commodity Tracking for Economics Commodity Tracking for Economics – Determine economic optimum rotation

12. Year 1 Update

13. Planting Dates Planting DatesCrop Planting Date MississippiArkansasTexasLouisianaMissouri StonevilleBrooksville Pine Tree Newport College Station St. JosephPortageville Corn 03-2605-1304-1105-703-704-2405-7 Soybean 04-1905-1305-2405-703-2704-2405-12 Grain Sorghum 05-105-1305-2405-703-2704-2405-12

14. Year 1 – Mississippi Individual Comments Two locations – Brooksville and Stoneville – Because of an overabundance of rainfall, Dryland and Irrigated treatments showed little difference, especially corn. – Final soybean harvest Sept 29 (Stoneville). – Burning treatments took place over a 2 wk period due to rainfall (Stoneville) – Wheat planted on October 23 (Stoneville), and Nov 6 (Brooksville)

15. Year 1 – Arkansas Individual Comments Pine Tree Location Soybeans experienced slight deer damage that caused a slight stunting in a few plots. Overall yields were good. Wheat was planted on Nov 3 Newport Location: Due to persistent wet conditions, all crops at the Newport location were seeded on May 7. Because of Equipment constraints and poor weather surrounding harvest yields were low at Newport. The Newport field had to be reworked after burning for to improve drainage

16. Year 1 – Louisiana Individual Comments Due to inclement weather, all crops (soybeans, corn, and grain sorghum) were established on the same day. While not ideal, surprisingly yields were good, especially with the late corn crop. Grain Sorghum yields were decreased due to extreme blackbird damage Residue Burning treatments were imparted three days after the last harvest. Followed by inline sub soiling and bed reforming

17. Year 1 – Missouri Individual Comments Grain sorghum was damaged by blackbirds, but still yielded well. Corn residue was burned on Oct 31 followed by tillage and wheat seeding Treatments not directly adjacent to wheat burned on Nov 10 due to windy conditions on Oct 31. A great deal of interest in the trial was expressed from producers at the Delta Center field day

18. Year 1 – Texas Individual Comments As of November 30, College Station was exactly on average for rainfall for the year with near normal rainfall for September through November (36.8 cm). Soil samples were taken after harvest on August 28. Residue shredded on Oct 2, residue burned on Nov 25 and wheat was planted.

19. Year 1 Production Issues Greater Mid-South

20. Year 1 Production Issues – Greater Mid-South

21. Year 1 Production Issues - Texas

22. Year 1 – Soybean Baseline Yield LocationLatitude Mean Soybean grain yield Irrigated Rainfed - - - - - - - - -Bushels/acre- - - - - - - - - Stoneville33.4 67 58 Portageville36.4 68 64 St. Joseph32.0 63 66 Pine Tree35.0 72 54 Newport35.3 28 18 Brooksville33.1 51 50 LSD 0.5 4.0 P-value<0.0001 Soybean yields were greatly influenced by irrigation in 2014, even with all the rainfall. Low yields at Newport location were directly attributed to vast amounts of rainfall and drainage. Texas results were not included due to Dicamba drift contamination

23. Dicamba Drift at Texas A&M Did not include College Station soybean data in overall analysis for 2014 Average yield 53.3 bu/ac – Yields ranged from 30 to 63 bu/ac

24. Year 1 – Corn Yield LocationLatitude Mean corn grain yield Bushels/acre Stoneville33.4248 Portageville36.4239 College Station30.3212 St. Joseph32.0194 Pine Tree35.0167 Newport35.3110 Brooksville33.1103 LSD 0.5 9.0 P-value<0.0001 No Statistical response was observed to irrigation for corn in 2014. Low corn yields at Newport and Brooksville were due to vast amounts of rainfall and drainage issues.

25. Year 1 - Grain Sorghum Yields LocationLatitude Mean corn grain yield Bushels/acre College Station30.3137 Portageville36.4118 Pine Tree35.091 Brooksville33.165 St. Joseph32.057 Newport35.318 LSD 0.5 13.0 P-value<0.0001 No Milo was harvested in 2014 at Stoneville due to severe damage from sugarcane aphid. Low corn yields at Newport were do to abundant rainfall

26. Summary Baseline year for rotations went well at most locations, but a few hiccups. – Brooksville - farm crew disked before burning, burning was attempted – College Station – Dicamba Drift from farm crew – Newport – Environmental conditions – Most locations Milo suffered from bird and sugarcane aphid damage – No response to irrigation for corn was observed.

27. It Takes a Team

28. Questions ?