1. WHY ???? Are ReefTeachers & Snorkel Survey Important ? Sara Peck UH Sea Grant

2. Evaluation of Trampling Damage to Hawai‘i’s Coral Reefs

3. HUMAN USE SURVEYS

5. Grade School Surveys Kahaluu Beach Park 5 th graders interview visitors Do visitors know what live coral looks like?

6. Kahakai Kids for Corals Letters to WHT County Council Mural

7. Staining to Determine Growth Rates

8. Original coral size New coral growth Linear Extension Measurements

9. Kahalu‘u Experimental Site

11. Orange Cup Coral Animal and Calcium Carbonate Home (Corallite or Calyx)

12. How Does a Coral Polyp Grow?

13. Symbiotic Relationship Between Plant and Animal Zooks Make Food and Oxygen for Coral Animal, Animal Gives Zooks Waste Ammonia and Carbon Dioxide

17. Why Coral Colors ?

18. Photoprotectant Pigment? Maybe Yes Maybe No Needs Work

19. Petroglyph Snapping Shrimp Trails

20. Christmas Tree Worm

21. Damaged Coral Polyps CAUSED BY: Humans, Predators, Natural Mechanical, & Catastrophic

23. Standing Destroys Coral Polyps

26. Show People How to Avoid Live Coral

30. Education & Outreach ReefTalks bring issues to the community Reef Teach cross-generations

31. ReefWatchers: shallow water and tidepools

32. YOU MAKE THE DIFFERENCE Join ReefWatchers or Become a ReefTeacher Do what you can to help support and conserve for sustainable use Hawaii’s coral reefs.

34. Control Site

36. Objectives Demonstrate whether or not there are impacts to coral reefs by snorkelers. Determine the degree of coral mortality directly related to these impacts. Evaluate the growth rates of coral subjected to trampling. Document rates of recovery in simulated trampling experiments. Determine breakage strength and rates for dominant Hawaiian corals.

37. Linear growth Linear growth Mortality rates Mortality rates Damage recovery Damage recovery Breakage strengths Breakage strengths Human use surveys Human use surveys

38. Site Control Site Experimental

39. Colonies Split to Allow for Genetic Diversity and Provide Added Statistical Power

41. Shallow, calm areas that are frequented by snorkelers are the same environments inhabited by the species of corals with the lowest skeletal strength and with the highest breakage rates. Extensive damage can occur in sites with high human use. Continuous impact results in high mortality. Brief periods of intense trampling can significantly affect growth of corals but mortality is low once the impact has been removed. Sites impacted by trampling have lower coral cover than unimpacted sites.

42. Community Level Large scale study of growth and mortality Colony Level Experimental manipulation Fragment growth/survival/strength

44. Moku o Lo‘e Simulated Trampling Site

45. Colony Level simulated trampling experiments Stained Weighed Impacted Fragments-counted/measured

49. Monitoring Efforts ReefWatchers are trained volunteers DAR approved protocols

50. Education On Site ReefTeachers Girl Scouts High School Adults Future Approaches

51. YOUR HELP OUR ONLY CHANCE