1. assessment Regular process for global reporting and assessment of the state of the marine environment, socio-economic including socio-economic aspects Integrated Assessment How do we approach this?

2. What do we mean by integration? What are the elements that we should assess? How far have these been assessed? What else can we assess? Integrated Assessment Regular process for global reporting and assessment of the state of the marine environment, including socio-economic aspects

3. Integrated Assessment of the Environment Regular process for global reporting and assessment of the state of the marine environment, including socio-economic aspects

4. This includes a massive range Regular process for global reporting and assessment of the state of the marine environment, including socio-economic aspects

5. Integrated Assessment of Human Activities Regular process for global reporting and assessment of the state of the marine environment, including socio-economic aspects

6. Bringing together: Environmental Economic Social The third dimension of integration Regular process for global reporting and assessment of the state of the marine environment, including socio-economic aspects

7. The main sections of the Possible Outline of the First Global Integrated Assessment: Part III – Ocean Processes Part V – Human Activities Part VI – Marine Biodiversity Integrated under Part IV – Food Security & Safety – as a cross-cutting issue Part VII – Overall Integration Putting this together Regular process for global reporting and assessment of the state of the marine environment, including socio-economic aspects

8. Basic Framework and examples of cell content Regular process for global reporting and assessment of the state of the marine environment, including socio-economic aspects Dimension/ Aspect Ocean Processes Biological Diversity Human Activities Environmental Ocean currents, Primary production, etc State of coral reefs, effects of fishing discards Pollution from land-based sources, etc Economic Effects of El Niño, Coral reefs as tourist attractions, etc Shipping as part of world trade, etc Social Tsunamis, etcAesthetic impact of coral reefs, etc Tourism, etc

9. The environmental aspects are themselves a matrix of interactive elements: Geological structure (rocks, sediments…) Water column (water quality, temperature, salinity, currents,…) Biota (the different trophic levels) Can we measure whether we have overall a healthy and sustainable marine environment? Integrating environmental assessment Regular process for global reporting and assessment of the state of the marine environment, including socio-economic aspects

10. How to envisage this ecosystem envelope? The allium analogue Regular process for global reporting and assessment of the state of the marine environment, including socio-economic aspects

11. Drivers – the underlying forces that drive change in the environment – both material and societal. Pressures – the channels through which these forces affect the environment – again, both material and societal; States – the resulting states of the environment, including socio-economic uses of it; Impacts – the resulting impacts of these pressures and states on biological diversity and human well-being. Responses – the ways that society has responded and the results of those responses – But we must NOT get into discussions of policy. DPSIR Regular process for global reporting and assessment of the state of the marine environment, including socio-economic aspects

12. Physical elements (Oceanography – geology, currents, sedimentation…..) Chemical elements (Water quality – salinity, nutrients, contaminants…..) Biological elements (Numbers, health and reproductive success of the various species…..) Measuring the vectors Regular process for global reporting and assessment of the state of the marine environment, including socio-economic aspects

13. In each broad division we need to consider a wide range of elements For example, among the biological elements, we must consider at least 9 categories: –Phytoplankton - Zooplankton –Macrophytes- Crustacea and molluscs –Other benthic species –Fish - Marine Reptiles –Sea Birds- Marine Mammals Range of Vectors Regular process for global reporting and assessment of the state of the marine environment, including socio-economic aspects

14. What can be crucial to avoid information overload? Possible criteria include: The miner’s canary Keystone functions Predominant species Economically significant species Boundary conditions Selecting information Regular process for global reporting and assessment of the state of the marine environment, including socio-economic aspects

15. The miner's canary

16. Ecologically and biologically significant areas Vulnerable marine ecosystems CBD & FAO Regular process for global reporting and assessment of the state of the marine environment, including socio-economic aspects

17. Overviews Aggregating Measures (summarising the combined effects of different elements): Especially top predators, for example, in the North Sea: grey seals sea-bird populations Overviews Regular process for global reporting and assessment of the state of the marine environment, including socio-economic aspects

18. Measurements that can link S (status) to P (pressures) For example: mercury and/or organochlorine compounds in sea-bird eggs proportion of dead sea-birds found with oil contamination on shore-lines. satellite surveillance of chlorophyll a concentrations in surface sea water. Linkages Regular process for global reporting and assessment of the state of the marine environment, including socio-economic aspects

19. Levels of economic activity Inputs &External Outputsburdens Economic Use of outcomescapital Integrating economic assessment Regular process for global reporting and assessment of the state of the marine environment, including socio-economic aspects

20. What are the levels of maritime economic activities? How are these levels changing? Can we assess the factors that are leading to these changes? Levels of economic activity Regular process for global reporting and assessment of the state of the marine environment, including socio-economic aspects

21. The availability of inputs, such as: Trained manpower; Necessary equipment; Knowledge of how to operate; Knowledge of the state of the oceans; affects the outputs from maritime economic activities. Can we assess how the balance is changing? Inputs and outputs Regular process for global reporting and assessment of the state of the marine environment, including socio-economic aspects

22. Taking benefits from the oceans involves both internal and external burdens. Internal burdens are those carried by the people who receive the benefits. External burdens are those which are suffered by everyone else (including damage to the environment) The “polluter pays” principle aims to minimise external burdens Can we assess where the polluter is not paying? External burdens Regular process for global reporting and assessment of the state of the marine environment, including socio-economic aspects

23. What are the economic outcomes of the human uses of the marine environment? Outcomes for livelihoods Outcomes for communities dependent on the marine environment Wealth generation Economic outcomes Regular process for global reporting and assessment of the state of the marine environment, including socio-economic aspects

24. What is the level of capital use in maritime economic activities? What are the links between the levels of maritime economic activities and the capital employed? Can we assess the factors affecting the provision of capital to maritime activities? Use of capital Regular process for global reporting and assessment of the state of the marine environment, including socio-economic aspects

25. UK evaluation of gross value added by maritime economic activity

26. A spectrum of relationships between societies and the seas: –Social groups who earn a living entirely at sea –Social groups part of whose livelihood comes from the sea –Communities dependent on those who earn their living from the sea –Social groups who have intermittent contact with the sea –Social groups who rarely even see the sea Integrating social assessment Regular process for global reporting and assessment of the state of the marine environment, including socio-economic aspects

27. Health Income levels and livelihoods Degree of community dependency Other aspects of well-being (relaxation, aesthetic enjoyment….) Social aspects Regular process for global reporting and assessment of the state of the marine environment, including socio-economic aspects

28. Relevant statistics on health could include Life expectancy of those in marine work; Injury rates of those in marine work; Distribution and impact of marine-related illnesses Health Regular process for global reporting and assessment of the state of the marine environment, including socio-economic aspects

29. How can we assess the livelihoods of those wholly or partially dependent on the marine environment? Relevant statistics on income of marine workers could include: Levels in different parts of the world; Relative levels of pay for marine work compared with pay for other work within the region Livelihoods of marine workers Regular process for global reporting and assessment of the state of the marine environment, including socio-economic aspects

30. How can we assess the extent to which communities are dependent on the sea? Are there assessments of the reliance of societies on the marine environment? Community dependency Regular process for global reporting and assessment of the state of the marine environment, including socio-economic aspects

31. The goal - healthy and sustainable seas