1. Unlike plant cells, animal cells do not have
nuclei.
organelles.
cell walls.
cell membranes. 1 2 3 4 5

2. If a cell contains a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, it is
multicellular.
heterotrophic.
an animal cell.
eukaryotic. 1 2 3 4 5

3. An animal is each of the following EXCEPT
multicellular.
autotrophic.
heterotrophic.
eukaryotic. 1 2 3 4 5

4. Only 5 percent of all animals have
eukaryotic cells.
a protostome development pattern.
vertebral columns.
cell membranes. 1 2 3 4 5

5. Aquatic animals that strain floating plants and animals from the water they take in are
parasites.
herbivores.
detritus feeders.
filter feeders. 1 2 3 4 5

6. extracellular digestion. cephalization. muscular contractions.
Many small aquatic organisms move oxygen and carbon dioxide through their skin by the process of
diffusion.
extracellular digestion.
cephalization.
muscular contractions. 1 2 3 4 5

7. increase its numbers rapidly. evolve.
When an animal’s environment changes, sexual reproduction improves a species’ ability to
react.
increase its numbers rapidly.
evolve.
produce genetically identical offspring. 1 2 3 4 5

8. Muscle tissue exerts force by becoming
cooler.
warmer.
longer.
shorter. 1 2 3 4 5

9. A parasite is a type of algae. vertebrate. symbiont. detritivore. 1 23 4 5

10. The upper side of an organism is its
dorsal side.
ventral side.
anterior side.
posterior side. 1 2 3 4 5

11. An animal that has distinct left and right sides shows
radial symmetry.
segmentation.
several planes of symmetry.
bilateral symmetry. 1 2 3 4 5

12. A blastula is a stage in the development of an embryo that consists of
a solid ball of cells.
a hollow ball of cells.
a flat sheet of cells.
a folded sheet of cells. 1 2 3 4 5

13. endoderm ectoderm mesoderm protostome
Which of the three cell layers in animal embryos gives rise to muscles and much of the circulatory, reproductive, and excretory systems?
endoderm
ectoderm
mesoderm
protostome 1 2 3 4 5

14. Organisms that spend their entire adult lives attached to one spot are said to be
sessile.
heterotrophic.
flagellated.
symmetric. 1 2 3 4 5

15. Which term is NOT associated with sponges?
choanocytes
medusa
spicules
gemmules 1 2 3 4 5

16. Some biologists believe that sponges evolved
from hydras.
independently of all other animals.
from seed plants.
as the result of asexual reproduction. 1 2 3 4 5

17. Sponges reproduce sexually by a process called
cephalization.
internal fertilization.
radial symmetry.
budding. 1 2 3 4 5

18. Many sponges protect themselves from predators by producing
larvae.
choanocytes.
nematocysts.
toxins. 1 2 3 4 5

19. Which of the following best describes the feeding habits of sponges?
predators
filter feeders
parasites
detritivores 1 2 3 4 5

20. The benefit of a sponge’s producing gemmules is that gemmules
are a form of sexual reproduction.
allow the sponge to survive long periods of harsh conditions.
defend the sponge against predators.
help to filter food for the sponge. 1 2 3 4 5

21. Flagella are important to the essential functions within a sponge because flagella
protect the organism from predators.
digest food particles trapped within the organism.
help move water through the organism’s body.
produce toxins that make them poisonous to predators. 1 2 3 4 5

22. Some sponges are green because they
are more like plants than animals.
filter algae out of the water for food.
have photosynthetic organisms in their tissues.
are primary producers. 1 2 3 4 5

23. The cross-shaped spicules of some sponges serve to
keep animals out of their central cavities.
focus and direct incoming sunlight.
attract symbiotic organisms.
perform photosynthesis. 1 2 3 4 5

24. Sponges benefit some marine animals by
providing a habitat.
eating diseased corals.
poisoning their predators.
supplying them with oxygen. 1 2 3 4 5

25. How do some sponges play an important role in the primary productivity of coral reefs?
They provide food for sponge-eating sea stars.
They attract light with their antennae.
They are harvested for sale as bath sponges.
They have symbiotic relationships with photosynthetic organisms. 1 2 3 4 5

26. Cnidocytes help a cnidarian survive by
storing food.
forming colonies.
paralyzing prey.
providing movement. 1 2 3 4 5

27. Which are the simplest animals to have body symmetry?
sponges
algae
cnidarians
nematocysts 1 2 3 4 5

28. Which two functions do nematocysts perform?
reproduction and defense
capturing prey and locomotion
defense and capturing prey
locomotion and reproduction 1 2 3 4 5

29. A characteristic of cnidarians is that they are
found only in warm, tropical waters.
carnivorous animals.
named for their body symmetry.
all of the above 1 2 3 4 5

30. Cnidarians have two basic body types, a medusa and a(an)
larva.
tentacle.
polyp.
osculum. 1 2 3 4 5

31. The body symmetry of a cnidarian is
radial in the medusa stage and bilateral in the polyp stage.
radial in both the medusa and polyp stages.
bilateral in both the medusa and polyp stages.
bilateral in the medusa stage and radial in the polyp stage. 1 2 3 4 5

32. In a hydra, the gastroderm and the epidermis are separated by a jellylike
mesoglea.
medusa.
mesoderm.
body cavity. 1 2 3 4 5

33. How do polyps differ from medusas?
Polyps have a mesoglea, and medusas do not.
Medusas are cylindrical and usually sessile, and polyps are bell-shaped and motile.
Medusas are carnivorous, and polyps are not.
Polyps are cylindrical and usually sessile, and medusas are bell-shaped and motile. 1 2 3 4 5

34. The nerve cells of cnidarians make up a(an)
brain.
ocelli.
hydrostatic skeleton.
nerve net. 1 2 3 4 5

35. In a cnidarian, cells that sense gravity are
statocysts.
ocelli.
cnidocytes.
amoebocytes. 1 2 3 4 5

36. In jellyfishes, the medusa stage reproduces
asexually.
sexually.
by budding.
by gemmules. 1 2 3 4 5

37. A cnidarian’s inner layer of tissue is specialized for
reproduction.
capturing prey.
digestion.
all of the above 1 2 3 4 5

38. The class Scyphozoa contains
jellyfishes.
hydras.
corals.
sea anemones. 1 2 3 4 5

39. Cnidarians in the class Anthozoa are distinguished by
having only colonial species.
having only a polyp form.
reproducing only sexually.
obtaining food only from symbionts. 1 2 3 4 5

40. What is the primary body form of scyphozoans?
bud
polyp
medusa
gemmule 1 2 3 4 5

41. The Portuguese man-of-war is a member of what class of cnidarians?
Hydrozoa
Scyphozoa
Anthozoa
Porifera 1 2 3 4 5

42. Coral reefs occur in areas where there are
high levels of sediments.
very deep waters.
high levels of light.
very cool waters. 1 2 3 4 5

43. Many corals can live only in bright light because they depend on
parasites for oxygen.
detritivores for carbon dioxide.
filter-feeders for protection.
symbionts for energy. 1 2 3 4 5

44. Coral bleaching is a serious ecological threat because it
destroys the beauty of a coral reef.
causes corals to die.
pollutes the water.
causes corals to overpopulate the area. 1 2 3 4 5

45. How can an extremely diverse coral reef live in water that contains few nutrients?
Corals obtain nutrients from the runoff from land.
Reef-building corals live symbiotically with photosynthetic algae.
Corals recycle nutrients.
Fishes maintain the ecological balance of coral reefs. 1 2 3 4 5

46. All the members of Kingdom Animalia are heterotrophs
True
False 1 2 3 4 5

47. Worms and insects are both vertebrates. _________________________
True
False 1 2 3 4 5

48. Many small aquatic animals rely on diffusion to transport oxygen, nutrients, and waste products among their cells. _________________________
True
False 1 2 3 4 5

49. In a protostome, the blastopore becomes the mouth
True
False 1 2 3 4 5

50. Sponges are motile, meaning they live their entire adult lives attached to a single spot. _________________________
True
False 1 2 3 4 5

51. In a sponge, some functions are carried out by specialized tissues
True
False 1 2 3 4 5

52. Cells called gemmules move water currents through a sponge
True
False 1 2 3 4 5

53. Sponges are important in marine ecology because they provide habitats for some marine animals. _________________________
True
False 1 2 3 4 5

54. Sponges have a light-focusing adaptation that allows them to survive in a wide range of habitats. _________________________
True
False 1 2 3 4 5

55. Choanocytes containing nematocysts are a characteristic associated only with cnidarians. _________________________
True
False 1 2 3 4 5

56. Cnidarians have a central mouth surrounded by numerous tentacles
True
False 1 2 3 4 5

57. Polyps are a body form of cnidarians that are motile
True
False 1 2 3 4 5

58. A sea anemone moves its body by using a statocystic skeleton
True
False 1 2 3 4 5

59. In the Portuguese man-of-war, a single tentacle acts as a balloonlike float. _________________________
True
False 1 2 3 4 5

60. Fertilizers and industrial pollutants can poison coral reefs
True
False 1 2 3 4 5

61. Participant Scores Participant 1 Participant 2 Participant 3
Participant 1
Participant 2
Participant 3
Participant 4
Participant 5

62. Animals that do not have backbones are called ____________________.1 2 3 4 5
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63. Large animals have a(an) ____________________ system to move materials around in their bodies.1 2 3 4 5
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64. Sexual reproduction helps maintain ____________________ diversity in populations.1 2 3 4 5
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65. The front end of an organism is the ____________________ end.1 2 3 4 5
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66. The specialized cells that move about within the walls of a sponge are called ____________________.1 2 3 4 5
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67. Sponges that are used for bathing contain a network of flexible protein fibers called ____________________. 1 2 3 4 5
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68. ____________________ and archaeocytes are cells that digest food in sponges.1 2 3 4 5
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69. Photosynthetic symbiotic organisms provide many sponges with food and ____________________.1 2 3 4 5
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70. Cnidarians have stinging tentacles around their ____________________.1 2 3 4 5
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71. The life cycle of most cnidarians includes medusas and ____________________.1 2 3 4 5
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72. The internal space of a cnidarian is called a(an) ______________________________.1 2 3 4 5
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73. In a jellyfish, the ____________________ stage reproduces asexually.1 2 3 4 5
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74. Cnidarians have a(an) ____________________ that enables them to respond to touch by pulling their tentacles inside their bodies. 1 2 3 4 5
0 of 5

75. The class of cnidarians that includes sea anemones and corals is called ____________________.1 2 3 4 5
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76. Symbionts provide as much as 60 percent of the ____________________ that reef-building corals need.1 2 3 4 5
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77. What two fundamental characteristics distinguish animals from plants?1 2 3 4 5
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78. Why don’t small aquatic animals need a circulatory system?1 2 3 4 5
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79. What is bilateral symmetry?1 2 3 4 5
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80. What is an advantage to having sense organs and nerve cells concentrated at the anterior end of the body? 1 2 3 4 5
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81. Why are sponges classified as animals?1 2 3 4 5
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82. What structures provide support for sponges?1 2 3 4 5
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83. Describe how a sponge obtains food and discards waste.1 2 3 4 5
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84. How might sediments from farming affect the corals that live in coral reefs?1 2 3 4 5
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85. What body form is typical of the scyphozoans? Describe this body form1 2 3 4 5
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86. What are the body forms included in the life cycle of Aurelia
What are the body forms included in the life cycle of Aurelia? How do they reproduce in each form? 1 2 3 4 5
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87. Where does extracellular digestion take place in cnidarians?1 2 3 4 5
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88. Describe the polyp body form of cnidarians.1 2 3 4 5
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89. How are coral reefs formed?1 2 3 4 5
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90. Why do hard corals require light?1 2 3 4 5
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91. How are reef-building corals sensitive to increasing water temperatures?1 2 3 4 5
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92. Worms, insects, birds, and dogs are all grouped together in the Kingdom Animalia. Why do scientists place such diverse organisms in the same group? 1 2 3 4 5
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93. Describe the characteristic of bilateral symmetry in animals
Describe the characteristic of bilateral symmetry in animals. How does this body plan help an animal carry out essential functions? 1 2 3 4 5
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94. Describe several advantages that an animal receives from having a body cavity.1 2 3 4 5
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95. How do sponges differ from other animals?1 2 3 4 5
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96. In sponges, how does asexual reproduction by budding differ from gemmule production?1 2 3 4 5
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97. From what you know about the life functions of sponges, describe how the pollution of ocean waters with sediments and chemicals might affect them. 1 2 3 4 5
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98. Differentiate between a cnidocyte and a nematocyst
Differentiate between a cnidocyte and a nematocyst. Why are these structures important to cnidarians? 1 2 3 4 5
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99. Describe the feeding behavior of cnidarians.1 2 3 4 5
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100. Identify the three classes of phylum Cnidaria
Identify the three classes of phylum Cnidaria. Describe which one major characteristic of each class. 1 2 3 4 5
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101. Use examples to describe the vulnerability of coral reefs to human activity.1 2 3 4 5
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